PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cenozoic Subepochs	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian of the Salt Range
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6									0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Late Pleistocene								0.0117
		Chibanian		Middle Pleistocene								0.129
		Calabrian		Early Pleistocene								0.774
		Gelasian		Early Pleistocene								1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Late Pliocene				Tertiary †				2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean		Early Pliocene								3.6
	Miocene	Messinian		Late Miocene								5.333
		Tortonian		Late Miocene								7.246
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5	Middle Miocene								11.63
		Langhian		Middle Miocene								13.82
		Burdigalian		Early Miocene								15.98
		Aquitanian		Early Miocene								20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4	Late Oligocene								23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4	Early Oligocene								27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3	Late Eocene								33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3	Middle Eocene								37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2	Middle Eocene								41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2	Early Eocene								47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1	Late Paleocene								56
		Selandian		Middle Paleocene								59.2
		Danian		Early Paleocene								61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8									66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7									72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6									83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4									100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3									113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2									121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2									125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1									132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6									145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5									149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4									165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4									168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3									174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2									184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1									192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4									201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4									208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3									227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2									237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2									242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1									247.2
		Induan										251.2
		Induan									Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4								Kathwai	251.902
												252.4 *
											Chhidru	252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian							Longtanian †		Chhidru	254.14
											Kalabagh	255 *
											Wargal	256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian										259.51
		Wordian										264.28
												265.3 *
					Amb	266.1 *
		Roadian	Permian 3		Amb	266.9
		Roadian	Permian 3			270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2			273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1			293.52
		Asselian	Permian 1			Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5			Kuzel	298.9
						Stephanian	Stephanian C			300.3 *
							Stephanian B			300.9 *
							Stephanian A			301.4 *
		Kasimovian					Stephanian A			303.7
		Kasimovian					Cantabrian			305 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4				Cantabrian			307
						Westphalian	Westphalian D			307.4 *
							Westphalian C			309.8
							Westphalian B			314.6
		Bashkirian					Westphalian B			315.2
							Westphalian A			317 *
						Namurian	Yeadonian			318.8 *
							Marsdenian			320.2 *
							Kinderscoutian			321.5 *
							Alportian			322 *
				Chokierian			323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	Chokierian			323.2
				Arnsbergian			324 *
				Pendleian			327.4 *
		Visean	Carboniferous 2	Warnantian		Brigantian †	330.9
				Livian		Asbian †	336.3 *
				Moliniacian		Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	Ivorian			346.7
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	Hastarian			353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3				Srbsko	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3				Chotec	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2				Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1				Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1				Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2					Ohesaare		419.2
	Pridoli							Kaugetuma		421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						Kuressaare		423
		Ludfordian						Paadla		423.4 *
		Gorstian						Paadla		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						Rootsikula		427.4
		Homerian						Jaagarahu		429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian						Jaagarahu		430.5
		Sheinwoodian						Jaani		431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1					Jaani		433.4
		Telychian						Adavere		434 *
		Aeronian						Adavere		438.5
		Aeronian						Raikkula		439.4 *
		Rhuddanian						Raikkula		440.8
		Rhuddanian						Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5							443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5							445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4							453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3							458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2							467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2							470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1						477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5						485.4
		Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4						Series 3 †	497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4		500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3		Stage 5 †					504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3							509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2							514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2							521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1							529
												538.8