PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cenozoic Subepochs	Carboniferous of Western Europe		North American Land Mammal Ages	Ammonite Chrons of North America			Ordovician of Britain		European Faunal Zones	Neogene Mammal Ages of China
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6				Saintaugustinean								0
		Meghalayan					Santarosean								0.0004
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Late Pleistocene										Nihewanian	0.0117
		Late Pleistocene		Late Pleistocene			Rancholabrean								0.014
		Chibanian		Middle Pleistocene			Rancholabrean								0.129
		Chibanian		Middle Pleistocene			Irvingtonian								0.21
		Calabrian		Early Pleistocene			Irvingtonian								0.774
		Calabrian					Blancan								1.4
		Gelasian											MN 17		1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Late Pliocene									MN 16	Yushean	2.58
		Piacenzian		Late Pliocene									MN 15		3.2
		Zanclean		Early Pliocene									MN 15		3.6
													MN 14		4.2
							Hemphillian						MN 14		4.7
													MN 13	Baodean	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian		Late Miocene									MN 13		5.333
		Tortonian											MN 12		7.246
													MN 11		7.75
													MN 10		8.7
							Clarendonian						MN 10		9.4
													MN 9		9.7
													MN 7 + 8	Tunggurian	11.1
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5	Middle Miocene											11.63
							Barstovian								12.5
													MN 6		12.8 *
		Langhian											MN 5	Shanwangian	13.82
		Burdigalian		Early Miocene									MN 4		15.98
							Hemingfordian						MN 4		16.3
							Hemingfordian						MN 3	Xiejiaan	16.9
							Arikareean						MN 3		18.5
													MN 2		20
		Aquitanian											MN 2		20.44
		Aquitanian											MN 1		22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4	Late Oligocene											23.03
		Rupelian		Early Oligocene											27.82
							Whitneyan								29.5
							Orellan								31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3	Late Eocene			Chadronian								33.9
		Priabonian		Late Eocene			Duchesnean								37
		Bartonian		Middle Eocene			Duchesnean								37.71
		Bartonian					Uintan								39.7
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2				Uintan								41.2
		Lutetian					Bridgerian								46.2
		Ypresian		Early Eocene			Bridgerian								47.8
							Wasatchian								50.5
							Clarkforkian								54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1	Late Paleocene			Clarkforkian								56
		Thanetian		Late Paleocene			Tiffanian								56.2
		Selandian		Middle Paleocene			Tiffanian								59.2
		Selandian		Middle Paleocene			Torrejonian								60.9
		Danian		Early Paleocene			Torrejonian								61.6
		Danian		Early Paleocene			Puercan								63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8												66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7												72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6												83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4												100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3												113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2												121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2												125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1		132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6		145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5		149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4		165.3
		Bajocian			Epizigzagiceras	168.2
		Bajocian			Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense	168.4
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3		Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta	174.7
					Planulata	179.3 *
					Planulata	Arnioceras arnouldi		179.8 *
					Kanense			181.3 *
					Carlottense			182.3 *
					Kunae			183.5 *
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2		Kunae			184.2
					Freboldi			185.1 *
					Whiteavesi/Imlayi			Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
								Tetraspidoceras	189.2 *
					Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras			Canadensis	190.3 *
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1						192.9
					Pseudaetomoceras	Psiloceras			196.4 *
					Franziceras/Euphyllites				196.5 *
		Hettangian			Franziceras/Euphyllites				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4						201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4						208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3						227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2						237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2						242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1						247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1						251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4						Melekhovian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian								254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian								259.51
		Wordian								264.28
		Wordian							Noginskian	264.9 *
		Roadian	Permian 3							266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2							273.01
		Kungurian							Pavlovoposadian	276.8 *
		Artinskian							Pavlovoposadian	283.5
		Artinskian							Rusavkinian	287.6 *
		Sakmarian								290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1							293.52
		Asselian	Permian 1							Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5							Kuzel	298.9
										Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
											Stephanian B	300.9 *
											Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian							Dorogomilovian			303.7
									Khamovnikian			304.8
									Khamovnikian		Cantabrian	305 *
									Krevyakinian			305.8 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4						Myachkovian			307
				Westphalian			Westphalian D		Myachkovian	307.4 *
							Westphalian D		Podolskian	308.9 *
							Westphalian C		Podolskian	309.8
									Kashirian	311.4 *
									Vereian	313.8
							Westphalian B		Vereian	314.6
									Melekessian	314.8
		Bashkirian							Melekessian	315.2
									Cheremshanian	316.9 *
							Westphalian A		Cheremshanian	317 *
							Westphalian A		Prikamian	318.6 *
				Namurian			Yeadonian		Prikamian	318.8 *
							Yeadonian		Severokeltmian	319.9 *
							Marsdenian		Severokeltmian	320.2 *
							Marsdenian		Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
							Kinderscoutian		Krasnopolyanian	321.5 *
							Kinderscoutian		Voznesenian	321.9 *
							Alportian			322 *
							Chokierian			323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3				Chokierian		Zapaltjubian	323.2
							Arnsbergian		Zapaltjubian	324 *
									Protvian	324.4 *
									Steshevian	326.8 *
							Pendleian		Steshevian	327.4 *
							Pendleian		Tarusian	329 *
		Visean	Carboniferous 2	Warnantian			Brigantian †		Venevian	330.9
									Mikhailovian	331.9 *
									Aleksinian	333.7 *
									Tulian	335.8 *
				Livian			Asbian †		Tulian	336.3 *
				Livian			Asbian †		Bobrikian	339.9 *
				Moliniacian			Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		Bobrikian	340.2 *
				Moliniacian			Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	Ivorian				Kosvian	346.7
								Kizelian	350.7 *
					Cherepetian	351.9 *
				Hastarian	Cherepetian	353.7 *
					Karakubian	354.4 *
					Upinian	356.3 *
					Malevkian	357.6 *
					Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2			393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1			407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1			433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5			Ashgill		Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian						Rawtheyan	445.2
								Cautleyan	448.9 *
								Pusgillian	449.3 *
						Caradoc		Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
								Cheneyan		451.5 *
								Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4							453
									Actonian †	453.2 *
									Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
									Longvillian †		455.2 *
								Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
								Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3			Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
		Darriwilian	Ordovician 3					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
		Dapingian				Arenig		Fennian			468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Fennian			470
								Whitlandian			471.1 *
								Moridunian			474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1			Tremadoc		Migneintian			477.7
						Tremadoc		Cressagian			480.8 *
											485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5								485.4
		Jiangshanian									489.5
		Paibian									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4								497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4								500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3								504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3								509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2								514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1								529
															538.8