PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cenozoic Subepochs	Permian of the Salt Range	North American Land Mammal Ages	Cambrian Epochs	Silurian of the Baltic	Carboniferous of China	Cambrian of Britain	European Faunal Units	European Faunal Zones
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6			Saintaugustinean							0
		Meghalayan				Santarosean							0.0004
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Late Pleistocene									0.0117
		Late Pleistocene		Late Pleistocene		Rancholabrean							0.014
		Chibanian		Middle Pleistocene		Rancholabrean							0.129
		Chibanian		Middle Pleistocene		Irvingtonian							0.21
		Calabrian		Early Pleistocene		Irvingtonian							0.774
		Calabrian				Blancan							1.4
		Gelasian										MN 17	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Late Pliocene							Villanyian	MN 16	2.58
											Ruscinian	MN 16	3.1 *
												MN 15	3.2
		Zanclean		Early Pliocene								MN 15	3.6
												MN 14	4.2
						Hemphillian						MN 14	4.7
												MN 13	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian		Late Miocene							Turolian	MN 13	5.333
		Tortonian										MN 12	7.246
												MN 11	7.75
											Vallesian	MN 10	8.7
						Clarendonian						MN 10	9.4
												MN 9	9.7
												MN 7 + 8	11.1
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5	Middle Miocene							Astaracian		11.63
						Barstovian							12.5
												MN 6	12.8 *
		Langhian										MN 5	13.82
		Burdigalian		Early Miocene							Orleanian	MN 4	15.98
						Hemingfordian						MN 4	16.3
						Hemingfordian						MN 3	16.9
						Arikareean						MN 3	18.5
											Agenian	MN 2	20
		Aquitanian										MN 2	20.44
		Aquitanian										MN 1	22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4	Late Oligocene									23.03
		Rupelian		Early Oligocene									27.82
						Whitneyan							29.5
						Orellan							31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3	Late Eocene		Chadronian							33.9
		Priabonian		Late Eocene		Duchesnean							37
		Bartonian		Middle Eocene		Duchesnean							37.71
		Bartonian				Uintan							39.7
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2			Uintan							41.2
		Lutetian				Bridgerian							46.2
		Ypresian		Early Eocene		Bridgerian							47.8
						Wasatchian							50.5
						Clarkforkian							54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1	Late Paleocene		Clarkforkian							56
		Thanetian		Late Paleocene		Tiffanian							56.2
		Selandian		Middle Paleocene		Tiffanian							59.2
		Selandian		Middle Paleocene		Torrejonian							60.9
		Danian		Early Paleocene		Torrejonian							61.6
		Danian		Early Paleocene		Puercan							63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8										66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7										72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6										83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4										100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3										113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2										121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2		125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1		132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6		145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5		149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4		165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4		168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3		174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2		184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1		192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4		201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4		208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1		247.2
		Induan			251.2
		Induan			Kathwai		251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4		Kathwai		251.902
							252.4 *
					Chhidru		252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian			Chhidru		254.14
					Kalabagh		255 *
					Wargal		256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
		Wordian					264.28
							265.3 *
					Amb		266.1 *
		Roadian	Permian 3		Amb		266.9
		Roadian	Permian 3				270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2				273.01
		Artinskian					283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5				298.9
		Gzhelian					Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian					Xiaodushanian	303.7
		Kasimovian					Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4					307
		Bashkirian						315.2
							Huashibanian	318.5 *
							Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3				Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3				Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean	Carboniferous 2				Shangsian	330.9
		Visean	Carboniferous 2				Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1				Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2	393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1	407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2	Ohesaare		419.2
	Pridoli			Kaugetuma		421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		Kuressaare		423
		Ludfordian		Paadla		423.4 *
		Gorstian		Paadla		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		Rootsikula		427.4
		Homerian		Jaagarahu		429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian		Jaagarahu		430.5
		Sheinwoodian		Jaani		431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1	Jaani		433.4
		Telychian		Adavere		434 *
		Aeronian		Adavere		438.5
		Aeronian		Raikkula		439.4 *
		Rhuddanian		Raikkula		440.8
		Rhuddanian		Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5			443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5			445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5			Late Cambrian		Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
		Stage 10							Festiniogian	489.2 *
		Jiangshanian							Festiniogian	489.5
		Jiangshanian							Maentwrogian	493.1 *
		Paibian							Maentwrogian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4			Middle Cambrian		St Davids		497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4							500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3							504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3			Early Cambrian		Caerfai		509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2							514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2							521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1							529
													538.8