PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cenozoic Subepochs	Mesozoic Subages		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ordovician of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6				Wanganui	Haweran			0
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Late Pleistocene							0.0117
		Chibanian		Middle Pleistocene							0.129
		Chibanian		Middle Pleistocene				Castlecliffian			0.34
		Calabrian		Early Pleistocene				Castlecliffian			0.774
		Calabrian						Nukumaruan			1.63
		Gelasian						Nukumaruan			1.8
		Gelasian						Mangapanian			2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Late Pliocene				Mangapanian			2.58
		Piacenzian		Late Pliocene				Waipipian			3
		Zanclean		Early Pliocene				Waipipian			3.6
		Zanclean		Early Pliocene				Opoitian			3.7
	Miocene	Messinian		Late Miocene			Taranaki	Kapitean			5.333
		Messinian						Tongaporutuan			7.2
		Tortonian						Tongaporutuan			7.246
		Tortonian					Southland	Waiauan			11.04
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5	Middle Miocene				Waiauan			11.63
		Serravallian						Lillburnian			13.05
		Langhian						Lillburnian			13.82
								Clifdenian			15.1
							Pareora	Altonian			15.9
		Burdigalian		Early Miocene				Altonian			15.98
		Burdigalian						Otaian			18.7
		Aquitanian						Otaian			20.44
		Aquitanian					Landon	Waitakian			21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4	Late Oligocene				Waitakian			23.03
								Duntroonian			25.2
								Whaingaroan			27.3
		Rupelian		Early Oligocene							27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3	Late Eocene							33.9
							Arnold	Runangan			34.6
								Kaiatan			36.7
		Bartonian		Middle Eocene				Kaiatan			37.71
		Bartonian						Bortonian			39.1
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2					Bortonian			41.2
							Dannevirke	Porangan			42.6
								Heretaungan			45.7
		Ypresian		Early Eocene				Heretaungan			47.8
								Mangaorapan			48.9
								Waipawan			52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1	Late Paleocene				Teurian			56
		Selandian		Middle Paleocene							59.2
		Danian		Early Paleocene							61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8		Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		Mata	Haumurian			66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7		Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian			Haumurian			72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6		Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian			Piripauan			83.6
		Santonian			Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
		Coniacian			Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian						86.3
		Turonian			Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian						89.8
								Mangaotanean			90.5
								Arowhanan			93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5		Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian			Arowhanan			93.9
							Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
								Motuan			99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4		Late Albian			Motuan			100.5
					Late Albian			Urutawan			103.3
					Middle Albian			Urutawan			106.2 *
					Middle Albian		Taitai	Korangan			108.4
					Early Albian						109.9 *
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3		Late Aptian						113
					Late Aptian						117.5
					Early Aptian						119.5 *
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2		Late Barremian/Early Barremian	121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2		Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian	125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1		Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian	132.6
		Berriasian			Late Berriasian	139.8
					Middle Berriasian	140.6 *
					Early Berriasian	142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6		Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian			145
		Tithonian	Jurassic 6		Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian			146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5		Late Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Kimmeridgian			Early Kimmeridgian				152.2 *
		Oxfordian			Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian			154.8
		Oxfordian				Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian			157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian			Late Bajocian				168.2
		Bajocian			Early Bajocian				168.6 *
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Late Toarcian				174.7
					Middle Toarcian				180.4 *
					Early Toarcian				182.9 *
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian				184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4						201.4
		Norian			Sevatian				208.5
					Alaunian				213.2 *
					Lacian				216.7 *
		Carnian	Triassic 3		Tuvalian				227
		Carnian	Triassic 3		Julian				233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2		Longobardian				237
		Ladinian			Fassanian				239.7 *
		Anisian			Illyrian				242
					Pelsonian				243.8 *
					Bithynian				244.7 *
					Aegean				245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1		Spathian				247.2
		Olenekian			Smithian				248.9 *
		Induan			Dienerian				251.2
		Induan			Griesbachian				251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4						251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							259.51
		Wordian							264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2						273.01
		Artinskian		283.5
		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5	298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5	303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4	307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2	330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2	393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1	407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2	419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1	433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5	Cincinnatian			Gamachian	443.8
		Katian					Gamachian	445.2
							Richmondian	446 *
							Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
							Edenian		450.4 *
				Mohawkian			Chatfieldian		451.1 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4			453	Chatfieldian
						Turinian	453.7 *
				Whiterockian			Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3						458.4
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2						467.3
		Dapingian				Rangerian			469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Ibexian		Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian				Tulean				473.9 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1			Tulean				477.7
						Stairsian				480.3 *
						Skullrockian			Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5			Skullrockian				485.4
		Stage 10								487.5
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4							497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4							500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3							504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3							509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2							514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2							521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1							529
											538.8