PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Ordovician of Britain				Silurian Ages of Europe	North American Land Mammal Ages	Permian of North America		Cretaceous Subepochs	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Cambrian of Britain
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6								Saintaugustinean							0
		Meghalayan									Santarosean							0.0004
		Northgrippian																0.0042
		Greenlandian																0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Late Pleistocene														0.0117
		Late Pleistocene		Late Pleistocene							Rancholabrean							0.014
		Chibanian		Middle Pleistocene							Rancholabrean							0.129
		Chibanian		Middle Pleistocene							Irvingtonian							0.21
		Calabrian		Early Pleistocene							Irvingtonian							0.774
		Calabrian									Blancan							1.4
		Gelasian																1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Late Pliocene														2.58
		Zanclean		Early Pliocene														3.6
		Zanclean		Early Pliocene							Hemphillian							4.7
	Miocene	Messinian		Late Miocene														5.333
		Tortonian																7.246
		Tortonian									Clarendonian							9.4
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5	Middle Miocene							Clarendonian							11.63
		Serravallian									Barstovian							12.5
		Langhian																13.82
		Burdigalian		Early Miocene														15.98
											Hemingfordian							16.3
											Arikareean							18.5
		Aquitanian																20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4	Late Oligocene														23.03
		Rupelian		Early Oligocene														27.82
											Whitneyan							29.5
											Orellan							31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3	Late Eocene							Chadronian							33.9
		Priabonian		Late Eocene							Duchesnean							37
		Bartonian		Middle Eocene							Duchesnean							37.71
		Bartonian									Uintan							39.7
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2								Uintan							41.2
		Lutetian									Bridgerian							46.2
		Ypresian		Early Eocene							Bridgerian							47.8
											Wasatchian							50.5
											Clarkforkian							54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1	Late Paleocene							Clarkforkian							56
		Thanetian		Late Paleocene							Tiffanian							56.2
		Selandian		Middle Paleocene							Tiffanian							59.2
		Selandian		Middle Paleocene							Torrejonian							60.9
		Danian		Early Paleocene							Torrejonian							61.6
		Danian		Early Paleocene							Puercan							63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8		Lancian/Edmontonian									Senonian				66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7		Judithian/Aquilan													72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6															83.6
		Coniacian																86.3
		Turonian																89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4											Gallic				100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3															113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2															121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2											Neocomian				125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1															132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6															145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5															149.2
		Oxfordian																154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4															165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4															168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3															170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3															174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2															184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1			192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4			201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4			208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian				Wordian	264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3			Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2			Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
		Kungurian					Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian					Hessian	283.5
		Artinskian				Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
		Sakmarian					Lenoxian	290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1				Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5					Mapingian †	298.9
		Kasimovian						Mapingian †	303.7
		Kasimovian							305.9
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4						307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3						323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2						330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2						393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1						407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian							Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1							433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5	Ashgill						Hirnantian	Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †		443.8
		Katian			Rawtheyan					Chientangkiangian	445.2
					Cautleyan						448.9 *
					Pusgillian						449.3 *
					Pusgillian					Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
				Caradoc	Streffordian								Onnian †		449.6 *
					Cheneyan										451.5 *
					Burrellian										452.7 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4												453
													Actonian †		453.2 *
													Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †	454.2 *
													Longvillian †	455.2 *
					Aurelucian								Longvillian †	456.8 *
					Aurelucian								Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3	Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn							Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn								Guniu †/Hulo		461.3 *
											Hunjiang †		Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo		466.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2									Dapingian			467.3
		Dapingian		Arenig	Fennian							Dapingian			468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Fennian							Yiyangian			470
					Whitlandian										471.1 *
					Moridunian										474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Tremadoc	Migneintian							Xinchangian			477.7
					Migneintian								Lianghekou †		477.9 *
					Cressagian										480.8 *
															485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5								Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan					485.4
		Stage 10										Festiniogian					489.2 *
		Jiangshanian										Festiniogian					489.5
		Jiangshanian										Maentwrogian					493.1 *
		Paibian										Maentwrogian					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4								St Davids						497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4														500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3														504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3								Caerfai						509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2														514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2														521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1														529
																		538.8