PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cambrian of Britain		Ordovician of Britain				Ordovician of China			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Ordovician of Australia	Cambrian of Australia	Central Paratethys Stages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6										Wanganui	Haweran					0
		Northgrippian																	0.0042
		Greenlandian																	0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																	0.0117
		Chibanian																	0.129
		Chibanian												Castlecliffian					0.34
		Calabrian												Castlecliffian					0.774
		Calabrian												Nukumaruan					1.63
		Gelasian												Nukumaruan					1.8
		Gelasian												Mangapanian					2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												Mangapanian					2.58
		Piacenzian												Waipipian					3
		Zanclean												Waipipian					3.6
		Zanclean												Opoitian					3.7
	Miocene	Messinian											Taranaki	Kapitean					5.333
		Messinian												Tongaporutuan					7.2
		Tortonian												Tongaporutuan				Pannonian	7.246
		Tortonian											Southland	Waiauan				Pannonian	11.04
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5															Sarmatian	11.63
																		Badenian	12.8 *
														Lillburnian				Badenian	13.05
		Langhian												Lillburnian					13.82
														Clifdenian					15.1
													Pareora	Altonian					15.9
		Burdigalian												Altonian					15.98
		Burdigalian												Otaian					18.7
		Aquitanian												Otaian					20.44
		Aquitanian											Landon	Waitakian					21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4											Waitakian					23.03
														Duntroonian					25.2
														Whaingaroan					27.3
		Rupelian																	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3																33.9
													Arnold	Runangan					34.6
														Kaiatan					36.7
		Bartonian												Kaiatan					37.71
		Bartonian												Bortonian					39.1
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2											Bortonian					41.2
													Dannevirke	Porangan					42.6
														Heretaungan					45.7
		Ypresian												Heretaungan					47.8
														Mangaorapan					48.9
														Waipawan					52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1											Teurian					56
		Selandian																	59.2
		Danian																	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8										Mata	Haumurian					66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7											Haumurian					72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6											Piripauan					83.6
		Santonian											Raukumara	Teratan					86.1
		Coniacian																	86.3
		Turonian																	89.8
														Mangaotanean					90.5
														Arowhanan					93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5											Arowhanan					93.9
													Clarence	Ngaterian					95.2
														Motuan					99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4											Motuan					100.5
														Urutawan					103.3
													Taitai	Korangan					108.4
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3											Korangan					113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3																117.5
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2																121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2																125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1	132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6		145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5		149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4		165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4		168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3		174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2		184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1		192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4		201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4		208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1		Vokhmian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1		Vokhmian	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian			Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3		Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2			273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5			Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5			Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4			Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4			Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3			Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2			Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1			Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2				393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1				407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1				433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5				Ashgill	Hirnantian	Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	Bolindian	443.8
		Katian						Rawtheyan	Chientangkiangian				445.2
								Cautleyan					448.9 *
								Cautleyan				Eastonian	449 *
								Pusgillian					449.3 *
								Pusgillian	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				449.5
							Caradoc	Streffordian					Onnian †		449.6 *
								Cheneyan							451.5 *
								Cheneyan				Gisbornian			452 *
								Burrellian							452.7 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4											453
													Actonian †	453.2 *
													Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
													Longvillian †		455.2 *
								Aurelucian					Longvillian †		456.8 *
				Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				Aurelucian						457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3	Llanvirn			Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn		Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo		Darriwilian		458.4
							Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			Guniu †/Hulo				461.3 *
										Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo			466.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2						Dapingian			Yapeenian		467.3
				Arenig			Fennian					Yapeenian		468.4 *
												Castlemainian		468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian							Yiyangian			Chewtonian		470
							Whitlandian					Chewtonian		471.1 *
												Bendigonian		471.8 *
												Lancefieldian		473.5 *
							Moridunian							474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Tremadoc			Migneintian		Xinchangian					477.7
							Migneintian				Lianghekou †			477.9 *
							Cressagian							480.8 *
							Cressagian					Warendian		482.8 *
												Warendian		485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5						Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan						Datsonian	485.4
										Dolgellian/Trempealeauan						Payntonian	486.8 *
										Festiniogian						Payntonian	489.2 *
		Jiangshanian								Festiniogian						Iverian	489.5
		Jiangshanian								Maentwrogian						Iverian	493.1 *
		Paibian								Maentwrogian						Idamean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4		St Davids					Mindyallan						497
		Guzhangian								Boomerangian						499
		Drumian								Undillan						500.5
		Drumian								Floran						503
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3							Templetonian						504.5
		Wuliuan								Ordian						507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4			Caerfai					Ordian						509
		Stage 4														510.8 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2													514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2													521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1													529
																			538.8