PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cambrian of Britain		Silurian of England		Cenozoic Subepochs	Devonian of France	North American Land Mammal Ages	Obsolete Names for ICS Units	Mammal Paleogene Zones
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6							Saintaugustinean				0
		Meghalayan								Santarosean				0.0004
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						Late Pleistocene						0.0117
		Late Pleistocene						Late Pleistocene		Rancholabrean				0.014
		Chibanian						Middle Pleistocene		Rancholabrean				0.129
		Chibanian						Middle Pleistocene		Irvingtonian				0.21
		Calabrian						Early Pleistocene		Irvingtonian				0.774
		Calabrian								Blancan				1.4
		Gelasian												1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Late Pliocene			Tertiary †			2.58
		Zanclean						Early Pliocene						3.6
		Zanclean						Early Pliocene		Hemphillian				4.7
	Miocene	Messinian						Late Miocene						5.333
		Tortonian												7.246
		Tortonian								Clarendonian				9.4
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5					Middle Miocene		Clarendonian				11.63
		Serravallian								Barstovian				12.5
		Langhian												13.82
		Burdigalian						Early Miocene						15.98
										Hemingfordian				16.3
										Arikareean				18.5
		Aquitanian												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4					Late Oligocene				MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25	23.03
		Rupelian						Early Oligocene				MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21		27.82
										Whitneyan				29.5
										Orellan				31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3					Late Eocene		Chadronian		MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A		33.9
		Priabonian						Late Eocene		Duchesnean		MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A		37
		Bartonian						Middle Eocene		Duchesnean		MP 16		37.71
		Bartonian								Uintan		MP 16		39.7
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2							Uintan		MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11		41.2
		Lutetian								Bridgerian		MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11		46.2
		Ypresian						Early Eocene		Bridgerian		MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7		47.8
										Wasatchian				50.5
										Clarkforkian				54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1					Late Paleocene		Clarkforkian		MP 6	MP 1 - 5	56
		Thanetian						Late Paleocene		Tiffanian		MP 6		56.2
		Selandian						Middle Paleocene		Tiffanian				59.2
		Selandian						Middle Paleocene		Torrejonian				60.9
		Danian						Early Paleocene		Torrejonian				61.6
		Danian						Early Paleocene		Puercan				63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8											66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7											72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6											83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4											100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3											113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2											121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2											125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1											132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6											145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5											149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4											165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4											168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3											174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2											184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1	192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4	201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4	208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2		273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5		Mapingian †	298.9
		Kasimovian			Mapingian †	303.7
		Kasimovian				305.9
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4			307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3			323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2			330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5			Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4			Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3			Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3			Couvinien	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2				393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1				407.6
		Pragian				Coblencien	408.2 *
		Lochkovian				Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2			Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine		419.2
	Pridoli					Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton		421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood		423
		Gorstian							425.6
		Gorstian					Buildwas		426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian					Buildwas		427.4
		Homerian				Wych	Woolhope		428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1						433.4
		Telychian						436.3 *
		Aeronian						438.5
		Aeronian				Cowleigh Park		439.3 *
		Rhuddanian				Cowleigh Park		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5					443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5					445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5					Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
		Stage 10							Festiniogian	489.2 *
		Jiangshanian							Festiniogian	489.5
		Jiangshanian							Maentwrogian	493.1 *
		Paibian							Maentwrogian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4					St Davids		Series 3 †	497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4								500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3	Stage 5 †							504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3	Caerfai							509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2								514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1								529
														538.8