PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cambrian of Britain		Permian of the Russian Platform		Cenozoic Subepochs	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		European Faunal Zones
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6						Wanganui	Haweran		0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						Late Pleistocene				0.0117
		Chibanian						Middle Pleistocene				0.129
		Chibanian						Middle Pleistocene		Castlecliffian		0.34
		Calabrian						Early Pleistocene		Castlecliffian		0.774
		Calabrian								Nukumaruan		1.63
		Gelasian								Nukumaruan	MN 17	1.8
		Gelasian								Mangapanian	MN 17	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Late Pliocene		Mangapanian	MN 16	2.58
										Waipipian	MN 16	3
											MN 15	3.2
		Zanclean						Early Pliocene				3.6
										Opoitian		3.7
											MN 14	4.2
											MN 13	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian						Late Miocene	Taranaki	Kapitean		5.333
		Messinian								Tongaporutuan		7.2
		Tortonian									MN 12	7.246
											MN 11	7.75
											MN 10	8.7
											MN 9	9.7
									Southland	Waiauan	MN 9	11.04
											MN 7 + 8	11.1
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5					Middle Miocene			MN 7 + 8	11.63
											MN 6	12.8 *
										Lillburnian	MN 6	13.05
		Langhian								Lillburnian	MN 5	13.82
										Clifdenian		15.1
									Pareora	Altonian		15.9
		Burdigalian						Early Miocene			MN 4	15.98
											MN 3	16.9
										Otaian	MN 3	18.7
											MN 2	20
		Aquitanian										20.44
									Landon	Waitakian		21.7
											MN 1	22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4					Late Oligocene				23.03
										Duntroonian		25.2
										Whaingaroan		27.3
		Rupelian						Early Oligocene				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3					Late Eocene				33.9
									Arnold	Runangan		34.6
										Kaiatan		36.7
		Bartonian						Middle Eocene		Kaiatan		37.71
		Bartonian								Bortonian		39.1
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2							Bortonian		41.2
									Dannevirke	Porangan		42.6
										Heretaungan		45.7
		Ypresian						Early Eocene		Heretaungan		47.8
										Mangaorapan		48.9
										Waipawan		52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1					Late Paleocene		Teurian		56
		Selandian						Middle Paleocene				59.2
		Danian						Early Paleocene				61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8						Mata	Haumurian		66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7							Haumurian		72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6							Piripauan		83.6
		Santonian							Raukumara	Teratan		86.1
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
										Mangaotanean		90.5
										Arowhanan		93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5	93.9						Arowhanan
				Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
					Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4		Motuan	100.5
					Urutawan	103.3
				Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3		Korangan	113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3			117.5
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2			121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2			125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1			132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6			145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5			149.2
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4			165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4			168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3			174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2			184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1			192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4			201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4			208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4			251.902
		Wuchiapingian				254.14
		Wuchiapingian				Tatarian	Vyatkian		256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Severodvinian		259.51
		Wordian					Urzhumian		264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3			Kazanian	Povolzhian		266.9
		Roadian	Permian 3			Kazanian	Sokian		270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2			Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian		273.01
							Filipovian		276.5 *
							Saraninian		280.1 *
		Artinskian				Artinskian	Sarginian		283.5
							Irginian		285.9 *
							Burtsevian		287.8 *
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian		290.1
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Tastubian		291.7 *
		Asselian	Permian 1			Asselian	Shikhanian		293.52
							Uskalykian		294.8
							Surenian		297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5						298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5						303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4						307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3						323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2						330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5						Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4					West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3					Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3					Southwoodian	Cazenovian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2					Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1							407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1							410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1							433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5							443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5		445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3		458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5	Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan					485.4
		Stage 10			Festiniogian					489.2 *
		Jiangshanian			Festiniogian					489.5
		Jiangshanian			Maentwrogian					493.1 *
		Paibian			Maentwrogian					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4	St Davids						497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4							500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3							504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3	Caerfai						509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2							514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2							521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1							529
												538.8