PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Ordovician of North America					Silurian Ages of Europe	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Mesozoic Subages		Cenozoic Subepochs
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6													0
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													Late Pleistocene	0.0117
		Chibanian													Middle Pleistocene	0.129
		Calabrian													Early Pleistocene	0.774
		Gelasian													Early Pleistocene	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian													Late Pliocene	2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean													Early Pliocene	3.6
	Miocene	Messinian													Late Miocene	5.333
		Tortonian													Late Miocene	7.246
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5												Middle Miocene	11.63
		Langhian													Middle Miocene	13.82
		Burdigalian													Early Miocene	15.98
		Aquitanian													Early Miocene	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4												Late Oligocene	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4												Early Oligocene	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3												Late Eocene	33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3												Middle Eocene	37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2												Middle Eocene	41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2												Early Eocene	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1												Late Paleocene	56
		Selandian													Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Danian													Early Paleocene	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8										Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian			66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7										Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian			72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6										Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian			83.6
		Coniacian											Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian			86.3
		Turonian											Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian			89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5										Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian			93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4										Late Albian			100.5
													Middle Albian			106.2 *
													Early Albian			109.9 *
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3										Late Aptian			113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3										Early Aptian			119.5 *
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2										Late Barremian/Early Barremian			121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2										Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian			125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1										Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian			132.6
		Berriasian											Late Berriasian			139.8
													Middle Berriasian			140.6 *
													Early Berriasian			142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6										Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		145
		Tithonian	Jurassic 6										Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5										Late Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Kimmeridgian											Early Kimmeridgian			152.2 *
		Oxfordian											Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		154.8
		Oxfordian												Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4										Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian									Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites		Late Bajocian			168.2
												Humphresianum	Late Bajocian			168.4
												Humphresianum	Early Bajocian			168.6 *
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3								Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense	Late Toarcian			174.7
													Late Toarcian			180.1
													Middle Toarcian			180.4 *
											Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum		Middle Toarcian			182
											Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum		Early Toarcian			182.9 *
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2								Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1								Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1								Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4													201.4
		Norian											Sevatian			208.5
													Alaunian			213.2 *
				Lacian	216.7 *
		Carnian	Triassic 3	Tuvalian	227
		Carnian	Triassic 3	Julian	233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2	Longobardian	237
		Ladinian		Fassanian	239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian	242
				Pelsonian	243.8 *
				Bithynian	244.7 *
				Aegean	245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	Spathian	247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian	248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian	251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian	251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2		273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5		298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5		303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4		307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3		323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2		330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5		Late Famennian	358.9
					Middle Famennian	365.3 *
					Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian	Devonian 4		Late Frasnian	372.2
					Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
					Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3		Late Givetian	382.7
					Middle Givetian	383.7 *
					Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian			Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian			Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2		Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian	Devonian 2		Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian	Devonian 1		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian			Late Lochkovian	410.8
					Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
					Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2			Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli					Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian				Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian				Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Gleedonian	Rootsikula	427.4
						Gleedonian	Jaagarahu	429.2 *
						Whitwellian		429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Sheinwoodian					Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1				Jaani	433.4
		Telychian					Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian					Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian					Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian					Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian					Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5				Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian						Gamachian	445.2
								Richmondian	446 *
								Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
								Edenian		450.4 *
							Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		451.1 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4					Chatfieldian		453
								Turinian		453.7 *
							Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3								458.4
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2								467.3
		Dapingian						Rangerian			469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian						Tulean				473.9 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1					Tulean				477.7
				Stairsian				480.3 *
				Skullrockian				Demingian †			482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5	Skullrockian							485.4
		Stage 10									487.5
		Jiangshanian									489.5
		Paibian									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4								497
		Guzhangian									Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian										500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3									504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3								Branchian	509
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2								Branchian	514
		Stage 3									Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1									529
																538.8