PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Permian of North America		Permian of China	Ordovician of Britain				Ordovician of the Baltic				European Faunal Zones
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6														0
		Northgrippian															0.0042
		Greenlandian															0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene															0.0117
		Chibanian															0.129
		Calabrian															0.774
		Gelasian														MN 17	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian														MN 16	2.58
		Piacenzian														MN 15	3.2
		Zanclean														MN 15	3.6
																MN 14	4.2
																MN 13	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian														MN 13	5.333
		Tortonian														MN 12	7.246
																MN 11	7.75
																MN 10	8.7
																MN 9	9.7
																MN 7 + 8	11.1
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5													MN 7 + 8	11.63
		Serravallian														MN 6	12.8 *
		Langhian														MN 5	13.82
		Burdigalian														MN 4	15.98
																MN 3	16.9
																MN 2	20
		Aquitanian														MN 2	20.44
		Aquitanian														MN 1	22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4														23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4														27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3														33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3														37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2														41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2														47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1														56
		Selandian															59.2
		Danian															61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8														66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7														72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6														83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4														100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3														113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2														121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2														125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1														132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6														145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5														149.2
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4														165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4														168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3														174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2														184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1														192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4														201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4														208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3														227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2														237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2														242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1														247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4	Meishanian	251.902
		Changhsingian		Baoqingian	253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian		Laoshanian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Laibinian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Capitanian	Lengwuan	259.51
		Wordian		Wordian	Kuhfengian	264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3	Roadian	Kuhfengian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2	Leonardian	Cathedralian	Luodianian	273.01
		Kungurian			Hessian		281.9 *
		Artinskian					283.5
						Longlinian	285.4 *
				Wolfcampian	Lenoxian		286.1 *
		Sakmarian			Lenoxian		290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1		Nealian	Zisongian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5			Zisongian	298.9
		Gzhelian					300.1
		Kasimovian					303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4				307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3				323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2				330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2				393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1				407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1				433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5				Ashgill	Hirnantian	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian						Rawtheyan		Pirgu	445.2
								Cautleyan			448.9 *
								Pusgillian			449.3 *
							Caradoc	Streffordian		Onnian †	Vormsi	449.6 *
											Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
									Viru		Rakvere		450.6 *
								Cheneyan			Rakvere		451.5 *
								Cheneyan			Oandu		452 *
								Burrellian			Oandu		452.7 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4								Keila	Idavere †	453
										Actonian †	Keila		453.2 *
										Actonian †	Haljala		453.9
										Marshbrookian †			Woolstonian †	454.2 *
										Longvillian †				455.2 *
											Kukruse			456.4 *
								Aurelucian						456.8 *
										Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
										Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian	Uhaku	Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3				Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			Uhaku			458.4
											Lasnamagi			458.9 *
											Aseri			460.4 *
								Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			Aseri			461.3 *
									Oeland		Kunda			462.9 *
											Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
											Volkhov			Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2												467.3
							Arenig	Fennian							468.4 *
											Billingen				469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian													470
												Latorp †			470.1 *
								Whitlandian							471.1 *
								Whitlandian			Hunneberg				473.7 *
								Moridunian							474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1				Tremadoc	Migneintian							477.7
								Cressagian							480.8 *
											Varangu				481.3 *
											Pakerort				482.2 *
															485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5												485.4
															486.3 *
					486.5
		Jiangshanian			489.5
		Paibian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4		497
		Guzhangian			Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian				500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3			504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3		Branchian	509
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2		Branchian	514
		Stage 3			Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1			529
																	538.8