PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cambrian of North America		Cambrian Epochs	Permian of the Pamirs	Permian Subages of Germany	Carboniferous of North America	Permian of the Russian Platform		Cretaceous Subepochs	Silurian of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6													0
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
		Chibanian														0.129
		Calabrian														0.774
		Gelasian														1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian														2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean														3.6
	Miocene	Messinian														5.333
		Tortonian														7.246
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5													11.63
		Langhian														13.82
		Burdigalian														15.98
		Aquitanian														20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4													23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3													33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3													37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2													41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2													47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1													56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8									Senonian				66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7													72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6													83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4									Gallic				100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3													113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2													121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2									Neocomian				125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1													132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6													145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5													149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4													165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4													168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3													174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2													184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1													192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4													201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4													208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3													227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2													237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2													242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1													247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1													251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4				Dorashamian	Buntsandstein								251.902
		Wuchiapingian					Dzhulfian									254.14
		Wuchiapingian					Dzhulfian			Tatarian	Vyatkian					256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Midian	Ohre/Aller			Severodvinian					259.51
		Wordian					Midian	Leine			Urzhumian					264.28
		Wordian					Murgabian	Leine			Urzhumian					266.2 *
		Roadian	Permian 3							Kazanian	Povolzhian					266.9
		Roadian	Permian 3							Kazanian	Sokian					270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2				Kubergandian			Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian					273.01
							Kubergandian				Filipovian					276.5 *
				Bolorian	279.8						Filipovian
					Saraninian	280.1 *
		Artinskian			Artinskian	Sarginian	283.5
						Irginian	285.9 *
				Yakhtashian		Irginian	286
				Yakhtashian		Burtsevian	287.8 *
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	290.1
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Tastubian	291.7 *
		Asselian	Permian 1	Asselian	Bursumian †	Asselian	Shikhanian		293.52
							Uskalykian		294.8
							Surenian		297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5		Virgilian				298.9
		Kasimovian			Missourian				303.7
		Kasimovian			Desmoinesian				305.9 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4		Desmoinesian				307
		Moscovian			Atokan				312.7 *
		Bashkirian			Atokan				315.2
		Bashkirian			Morrowan				318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3		Chesterian				323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2		Chesterian				330.9
					Meramecian				335.8 *
					Osagean				343.1 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1		Osagean				346.7
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1		Kinderhookian				351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2						393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1						407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2						Cayugan	419.2
	Pridoli								Niagaran	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian									430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1							Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian									438.5
											Alexandrian	438.7 *
									Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
												440.7 *
		Rhuddanian										440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5									443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5									445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4									453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3									458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2									467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2									470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1									477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5									Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Late Cambrian	485.4
		Stage 10												Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian												Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian												Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian												Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4									Marjumian	Albertian †	Middle Cambrian	497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4									Marjumian			500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3									Topazan			504.5
		Wuliuan										Delamaran			506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4										Delamaran	Waucoban †	Early Cambrian	509
		Stage 4						Dyeran				511 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2					Dyeran				514
								Montezuman				514.8 *
								Begadean				519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1									529
																538.8