PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cambrian of North America		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Permian of North America		Permian of the Russian Platform		Cambrian Epochs	Silurian of the Baltic	Silurian Ages of Europe	Permian Subages of Germany	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6			Wanganui	Haweran											0
		Northgrippian																0.0042
		Greenlandian																0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																0.0117
		Chibanian																0.129
		Chibanian					Castlecliffian											0.34
		Calabrian					Castlecliffian											0.774
		Calabrian					Nukumaruan											1.63
		Gelasian					Nukumaruan											1.8
		Gelasian					Mangapanian											2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Mangapanian											2.58
		Piacenzian					Waipipian											3
		Zanclean					Waipipian											3.6
		Zanclean					Opoitian											3.7
	Miocene	Messinian				Taranaki	Kapitean											5.333
		Messinian					Tongaporutuan											7.2
		Tortonian					Tongaporutuan											7.246
		Tortonian				Southland	Waiauan											11.04
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5				Waiauan											11.63
		Serravallian					Lillburnian											13.05
		Langhian					Lillburnian											13.82
							Clifdenian											15.1
						Pareora	Altonian											15.9
		Burdigalian					Altonian											15.98
		Burdigalian					Otaian											18.7
		Aquitanian					Otaian											20.44
		Aquitanian				Landon	Waitakian											21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4				Waitakian									Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	23.03
							Duntroonian											25.2
							Whaingaroan											27.3
		Rupelian														Kekeamuan		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3													Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		33.9
						Arnold	Runangan											34.6
							Kaiatan											36.7
		Bartonian					Kaiatan									Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		37.71
		Bartonian					Bortonian											39.1
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2				Bortonian											41.2
						Dannevirke	Porangan											42.6
							Heretaungan											45.7
		Ypresian					Heretaungan										Bumbanian	47.8
							Mangaorapan											48.9
							Waipawan											52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1				Teurian									Gashatan		56
		Selandian																59.2
		Danian																61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8			Mata	Haumurian											66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7				Haumurian											72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6				Piripauan											83.6
		Santonian				Raukumara	Teratan											86.1
		Coniacian																86.3
		Turonian																89.8
							Mangaotanean											90.5
							Arowhanan											93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5				Arowhanan											93.9
						Clarence	Ngaterian											95.2
							Motuan											99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4				Motuan											100.5
							Urutawan											103.3
						Taitai	Korangan											108.4
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3				Korangan											113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3															117.5
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2															121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2															125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1															132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6		145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5		149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4		165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4		168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3		174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2		184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1		192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4		201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4		208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4		Buntsandstein	251.902
		Wuchiapingian				254.14
		Wuchiapingian				Tatarian		Vyatkian	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Capitanian			Severodvinian	Ohre/Aller	259.51
		Wordian			Wordian			Urzhumian	Leine	264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3		Roadian	Kazanian		Povolzhian		266.9
		Roadian	Permian 3		Roadian	Kazanian		Sokian		270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2		Leonardian	Cathedralian		Kungurian		Irenian/Ufimian	273.01
										Filipovian	276.5 *
										Saraninian	280.1 *
						Hessian				Saraninian	281.9 *
		Artinskian						Artinskian		Sarginian	283.5
										Irginian	285.9 *
					Wolfcampian	Lenoxian				Irginian	286.1 *
										Burtsevian	287.8 *
		Sakmarian						Sakmarian		Sterlitamakian	290.1
		Sakmarian						Sakmarian		Tastubian	291.7 *
		Asselian	Permian 1			Nealian		Asselian		Shikhanian	293.52
										Uskalykian	294.8
										Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5								Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5								Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4								Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4								Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3								Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2								Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1								Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5									358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4									372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3									382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3									387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2									393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1									407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1									410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2									Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli											Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian										Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian										Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian										Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian										Rootsikula	Gleedonian	427.4
												Jaagarahu	Gleedonian	429.2 *
							Whitwellian						429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian											430.5
		Sheinwoodian										Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1									Jaani	433.4
		Telychian										Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian		438.5								Adavere
		Aeronian		Raikkula								439.4 *
		Rhuddanian		Raikkula								440.8
		Rhuddanian		Juuru								441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5									443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5									445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4									453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3									458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2									467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2									470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1									477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5									Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Late Cambrian	485.4
		Stage 10												Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian												Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian												Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian												Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4									Marjumian	Albertian †	Middle Cambrian	497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4									Marjumian			500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3									Topazan			504.5
		Wuliuan										Delamaran			506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4										Delamaran	Waucoban †	Early Cambrian	509
		Stage 4										Dyeran			511 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2									Dyeran			514
									Montezuman			514.8 *
									Begadean			519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1									529
																		538.8