PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cambrian of North America		Permian of the Salt Range	Cenozoic Subepochs	Carboniferous of North America	European Faunal Zones	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Central Paratethys Stages	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6											0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Late Pleistocene							0.0117
		Chibanian					Middle Pleistocene							0.129
		Calabrian					Early Pleistocene							0.774
		Gelasian					Early Pleistocene		MN 17					1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Late Pliocene		MN 16					2.58
		Piacenzian					Late Pliocene		MN 15					3.2
		Zanclean					Early Pliocene		MN 15					3.6
									MN 14					4.2
									MN 13					4.9
	Miocene	Messinian					Late Miocene		MN 13					5.333
		Tortonian							MN 12		Pannonian			7.246
									MN 11					7.75
									MN 10					8.7
									MN 9					9.7
									MN 7 + 8					11.1
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5				Middle Miocene		MN 7 + 8		Sarmatian			11.63
		Serravallian							MN 6		Badenian			12.8 *
		Langhian							MN 5					13.82
		Burdigalian					Early Miocene		MN 4					15.98
									MN 3					16.9
									MN 2					20
		Aquitanian							MN 2					20.44
		Aquitanian							MN 1					22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4				Late Oligocene					Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4				Early Oligocene					Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3				Late Eocene					Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3				Middle Eocene					Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2				Middle Eocene							41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2				Early Eocene						Bumbanian	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1				Late Paleocene					Gashatan		56
		Selandian					Middle Paleocene							59.2
		Danian					Early Paleocene							61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8											66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7											72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6											83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4											100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3											113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2											121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2											125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1											132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6											145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5											149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4											165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4											168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3											174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2											184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1											192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4											201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4											208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3											227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2											237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2											242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1											247.2
		Induan		251.2
		Induan		Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4	Kathwai	251.902
					252.4 *
				Chhidru	252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian		Chhidru	254.14
				Kalabagh	255 *
				Wargal	256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
					265.3 *
				Amb	266.1 *
		Roadian	Permian 3	Amb	266.9
		Roadian	Permian 3		270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2		273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1		Bursumian †	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5		Virgilian	298.9
		Kasimovian			Missourian	303.7
		Kasimovian			Desmoinesian	305.9 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4		Desmoinesian	307
		Moscovian			Atokan	312.7 *
		Bashkirian			Atokan	315.2
		Bashkirian			Morrowan	318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3		Chesterian	323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2		Chesterian	330.9
					Meramecian	335.8 *
					Osagean	343.1 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1		Osagean	346.7
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1		Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5			Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4			Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3			Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3			Couvinien		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2				393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1				407.6
		Pragian				Coblencien	408.2 *
		Lochkovian				Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1				433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5				443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5				445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5				Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10						Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian						Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian						Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian						Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4				Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Guzhangian							Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3				Topazan			504.5
		Wuliuan					Delamaran			506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Delamaran	Waucoban †	Branchian	509
		Stage 4					Dyeran			511 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2				Dyeran			514
							Montezuman			514.8 *
							Montezuman		Placentian	517.1
							Begadean			519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1							529
														538.8