PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Cambrian of Britain		Permian of the Pamirs	Ordovician of the Baltic				North American Land Mammal Ages	Ordovician of China		Silurian Ages of Europe
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6									Saintaugustinean				0
		Meghalayan										Santarosean				0.0004
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
		Late Pleistocene										Rancholabrean				0.014
		Chibanian										Rancholabrean				0.129
		Chibanian										Irvingtonian				0.21
		Calabrian										Irvingtonian				0.774
		Calabrian										Blancan				1.4
		Gelasian														1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian														2.58
		Zanclean														3.6
		Zanclean										Hemphillian				4.7
	Miocene	Messinian														5.333
		Tortonian														7.246
		Tortonian										Clarendonian				9.4
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5									Clarendonian				11.63
		Serravallian										Barstovian				12.5
		Langhian														13.82
		Burdigalian														15.98
												Hemingfordian				16.3
												Arikareean				18.5
		Aquitanian														20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4													23.03
		Rupelian														27.82
												Whitneyan				29.5
												Orellan				31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3									Chadronian				33.9
		Priabonian										Duchesnean				37
		Bartonian										Duchesnean				37.71
		Bartonian										Uintan				39.7
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2									Uintan				41.2
		Lutetian										Bridgerian				46.2
		Ypresian										Bridgerian				47.8
												Wasatchian				50.5
												Clarkforkian				54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1									Clarkforkian				56
		Thanetian										Tiffanian				56.2
		Selandian										Tiffanian				59.2
		Selandian										Torrejonian				60.9
		Danian										Torrejonian				61.6
		Danian										Puercan				63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8													66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7													72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6													83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4													100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3													113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2													121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2													125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1													132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6													145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5													149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4													165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4													168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3													174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2													184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1	192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4	201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4	208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4	Dorashamian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Dzhulfian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Midian	259.51
		Wordian		Midian	264.28
		Wordian		Murgabian	266.2 *
		Roadian	Permian 3	Murgabian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2	Kubergandian	273.01
		Kungurian		Bolorian	279.8
		Artinskian		Bolorian	283.5
		Artinskian		Yakhtashian	286
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1	Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5		298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5		303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4		307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3		323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2		330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2		393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1		407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian			Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1			433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5			Harju	Porkuni	Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian					Pirgu	Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	445.2
							Pirgu	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
							Vormsi				449.6 *
							Nabala				Johvi †	450 *
						Viru	Rakvere					450.6 *
							Oandu					452 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4				Keila				Idavere †	453
							Haljala					453.9
							Kukruse					456.4 *
							Uhaku				Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3				Uhaku	Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo			458.4
							Lasnamagi					458.9 *
							Aseri					460.4 *
						Oeland	Kunda					462.9 *
											Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
									Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo		466.3 *
							Volkhov					Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2				Volkhov	Dapingian					467.3
		Dapingian					Billingen	Dapingian					469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Yiyangian					470
											Latorp †		470.1 *
							Hunneberg						473.7 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1					Ungurian					Xinchangian	477.7
										Lianghekou †				477.9 *
							Varangu							481.3 *
							Pakerort							482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5				Pakerort	Batyrbaian	Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan					485.4
															486.3 *
															486.5
										Festiniogian					489.2 *
		Jiangshanian													489.5
								Aksaian							490.7 *
								Sakian							492.2 *
										Maentwrogian					493.1 *
		Paibian								Maentwrogian					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4					Ayusokkanian	St Davids						497
		Guzhangian													499.5
		Drumian						Zhanaarykian							500.5
		Drumian						Tuesaian							503
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3					Tuesaian							504.5
		Wuliuan						505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4						Caerfai	509
				Toyonian					510 *
				Botomian					512.5 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2	Botomian					514
		Stage 3		Atdabanian					515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Tommotian					521
		Stage 2							525.5
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1						529
																538.8