PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

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Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Silurian of England	Devonian of France	Cenozoic Subepochs	European Faunal Zones
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6						0
		Northgrippian							0.0042
		Greenlandian							0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Late Pleistocene		0.0117
		Chibanian					Middle Pleistocene		0.129
		Calabrian					Early Pleistocene		0.774
		Gelasian					Early Pleistocene	MN 17	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Late Pliocene	MN 16	2.58
		Piacenzian					Late Pliocene	MN 15	3.2
		Zanclean					Early Pliocene	MN 15	3.6
								MN 14	4.2
								MN 13	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian					Late Miocene	MN 13	5.333
		Tortonian						MN 12	7.246
								MN 11	7.75
								MN 10	8.7
								MN 9	9.7
								MN 7 + 8	11.1
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5				Middle Miocene	MN 7 + 8	11.63
		Serravallian						MN 6	12.8 *
		Langhian						MN 5	13.82
		Burdigalian					Early Miocene	MN 4	15.98
								MN 3	16.9
								MN 2	20
		Aquitanian						MN 2	20.44
		Aquitanian						MN 1	22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4				Late Oligocene		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4				Early Oligocene		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3				Late Eocene		33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3				Middle Eocene		37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2				Middle Eocene		41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2				Early Eocene		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1				Late Paleocene		56
		Selandian					Middle Paleocene		59.2
		Danian					Early Paleocene		61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8						66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7						72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6						83.6
		Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian							89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5						93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4						100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3						113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2						121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2						125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1						132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1						139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6						145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5						149.2
		Oxfordian							154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian							161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4						165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4						168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3						174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2						184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1						192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4						201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4						208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3						227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2						237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2						242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1						247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
		Wordian		264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2	273.01
		Artinskian		283.5
		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5	298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5	303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4	307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2	330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3	Couvinien	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2		393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1		407.6
		Pragian		Coblencien	408.2 *
		Lochkovian		Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2	Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
	Pridoli			Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton	421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
		Gorstian				425.6
		Gorstian			Buildwas	426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian			Buildwas	427.4
		Homerian		Wych	Woolhope	428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1			433.4
		Telychian				436.3 *
		Aeronian				438.5
		Aeronian		Cowleigh Park		439.3 *
		Rhuddanian		Cowleigh Park		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5			443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5			445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1			Ungurian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5			Batyrbaian	485.4
		Jiangshanian				Batyrbaian	489.5
						Aksaian	490.7 *
						Sakian	492.2 *
		Paibian				Sakian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4			Ayusokkanian	497
		Guzhangian					499.5
		Drumian				Zhanaarykian	500.5
		Drumian				Tuesaian	503
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3			Tuesaian	504.5
		Wuliuan					505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4					509
						Toyonian	510 *
						Botomian	512.5 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2			Botomian	514
		Stage 3				Atdabanian	515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Tommotian	521
		Stage 2					525.5
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1				529
									538.8