PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Silurian of the Baltic	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Ammonite Chrons of North America			Cenozoic Subepochs	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		European Faunal Zones
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6									Wanganui	Haweran		0
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									Late Pleistocene				0.0117
		Chibanian									Middle Pleistocene				0.129
		Chibanian									Middle Pleistocene		Castlecliffian		0.34
		Calabrian									Early Pleistocene		Castlecliffian		0.774
		Calabrian											Nukumaruan		1.63
		Gelasian											Nukumaruan	MN 17	1.8
		Gelasian											Mangapanian	MN 17	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Late Pliocene		Mangapanian	MN 16	2.58
													Waipipian	MN 16	3
														MN 15	3.2
		Zanclean									Early Pliocene				3.6
													Opoitian		3.7
														MN 14	4.2
														MN 13	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian									Late Miocene	Taranaki	Kapitean		5.333
		Messinian											Tongaporutuan		7.2
		Tortonian												MN 12	7.246
														MN 11	7.75
														MN 10	8.7
														MN 9	9.7
												Southland	Waiauan	MN 9	11.04
														MN 7 + 8	11.1
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5								Middle Miocene			MN 7 + 8	11.63
														MN 6	12.8 *
													Lillburnian	MN 6	13.05
		Langhian											Lillburnian	MN 5	13.82
													Clifdenian		15.1
												Pareora	Altonian		15.9
		Burdigalian									Early Miocene			MN 4	15.98
														MN 3	16.9
													Otaian	MN 3	18.7
														MN 2	20
		Aquitanian													20.44
												Landon	Waitakian		21.7
														MN 1	22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4								Late Oligocene				23.03
													Duntroonian		25.2
													Whaingaroan		27.3
		Rupelian									Early Oligocene				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3								Late Eocene				33.9
												Arnold	Runangan		34.6
													Kaiatan		36.7
		Bartonian									Middle Eocene		Kaiatan		37.71
		Bartonian											Bortonian		39.1
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2										Bortonian		41.2
												Dannevirke	Porangan		42.6
													Heretaungan		45.7
		Ypresian									Early Eocene		Heretaungan		47.8
													Mangaorapan		48.9
													Waipawan		52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1								Late Paleocene		Teurian		56
		Selandian									Middle Paleocene				59.2
		Danian									Early Paleocene				61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8				Lancian/Edmontonian					Mata	Haumurian		66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7				Judithian/Aquilan						Haumurian		72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6										Piripauan		83.6
		Santonian										Raukumara	Teratan		86.1
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
													Mangaotanean		90.5
													Arowhanan		93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5	93.9									Arowhanan
				Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
					Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4		Motuan	100.5
					Urutawan	103.3
				Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3		Korangan	113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3			117.5
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2			121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2			125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1			132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6			145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5			149.2
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4			165.3
		Bajocian				Epizigzagiceras		168.2
		Bajocian				Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense		168.4
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3			Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta		174.7
						Planulata		179.3 *
						Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
						Kanense			181.3 *
						Carlottense			182.3 *
						Kunae			183.5 *
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2			Kunae			184.2
						Freboldi			185.1 *
						Whiteavesi/Imlayi			Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
									Tetraspidoceras	189.2 *
						Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras			Canadensis	190.3 *
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1							192.9
						Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras		196.4 *
						Franziceras/Euphyllites				196.5 *
		Hettangian				Franziceras/Euphyllites				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4							201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4							208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3							227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2							237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2							242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1							247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1							251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4							Melekhovian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian										254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian										259.51
		Wordian										264.28
		Wordian								Noginskian		264.9 *
		Roadian	Permian 3									266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2									273.01
		Kungurian								Pavlovoposadian		276.8 *
		Artinskian								Pavlovoposadian		283.5
		Artinskian								Rusavkinian		287.6 *
		Sakmarian										290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1									293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5									298.9
		Kasimovian								Dorogomilovian		303.7
										Khamovnikian	304.8
										Krevyakinian	305.8 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4				Myachkovian			307
							Podolskian			308.9 *
							Kashirian			311.4 *
							Vereian			313.8
							Melekessian			314.8
		Bashkirian					Melekessian			315.2
							Cheremshanian			316.9 *
							Prikamian			318.6 *
							Severokeltmian			319.9 *
							Krasnopolyanian			321.2 *
							Voznesenian			321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3				Zapaltjubian			323.2
							Protvian			324.4 *
					Steshevian		326.8 *
					Tarusian		329 *
		Visean	Carboniferous 2		Venevian		330.9
					Mikhailovian		331.9 *
					Aleksinian		333.7 *
				Tulian	335.8 *
				Bobrikian	339.9 *
				Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	Kosvian	346.7
				Kizelian	350.7 *
				Cherepetian	351.9 *
				Karakubian	354.4 *
				Upinian	356.3 *
				Malevkian	357.6 *
				Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5		Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4		West Fallsian/Sonyean		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3		Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan		Cazenovian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3		Southwoodian		Cazenovian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2		Sawkillian/Deer Parkian		Helderbergian			393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1							407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1							410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2				Ohesaare				419.2
	Pridoli						Kaugetuma				421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					Kuressaare				423
		Ludfordian					Paadla				423.4 *
		Gorstian					Paadla		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					Rootsikula		427.4
		Homerian				Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian				Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian				Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1			Jaani	433.4
		Telychian				Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian				Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian				Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian				Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian				Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5				443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5				445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1				Ungurian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5				Batyrbaian	485.4
		Jiangshanian					Batyrbaian	489.5
							Aksaian	490.7 *
							Sakian	492.2 *
		Paibian					Sakian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4				Ayusokkanian	497
		Guzhangian						499.5
		Drumian					Zhanaarykian	500.5
		Drumian					Tuesaian	503
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3				Tuesaian	504.5
		Wuliuan						505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4						509
							Toyonian	510 *
							Botomian	512.5 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2				Botomian	514
		Stage 3					Atdabanian	515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Tommotian	521
		Stage 2						525.5
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1					529
															538.8