PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Devonian of France	Permian of the Salt Range	Carboniferous Subepochs	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Ordovician of Britain
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6											0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
		Chibanian												0.129
		Calabrian												0.774
		Gelasian												1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
	Miocene	Messinian												5.333
		Tortonian												7.246
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5											11.63
		Langhian												13.82
		Burdigalian												15.98
		Aquitanian												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4											23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3											33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3											37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2											41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2											47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1											56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8											66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7											72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6											83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4											100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3											113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2											121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2											125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1											132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6											145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5											149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4											165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4											168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3											174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2											184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1											192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4											201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4											208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3											227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2											237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2											242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1											247.2
		Induan												251.2
		Induan				Kathwai								251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4			Kathwai								251.902
														252.4 *
						Chhidru								252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian				Chhidru								254.14
						Kalabagh								255 *
						Wargal								256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian												259.51
		Wordian												264.28
														265.3 *
				Amb	266.1 *
		Roadian	Permian 3	Amb	266.9
		Roadian	Permian 3		270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2		273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1		293.52
		Asselian	Permian 1		Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5		Kuzel	Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
					Stephanian		Stephanian C	300.3 *
							Stephanian B	300.9 *
							Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian					Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian					Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4			Middle Pennsylvanian	Cantabrian	307
					Westphalian		Westphalian D	307.4 *
							Westphalian C	309.8
							Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian				Early Pennsylvanian	Westphalian B	315.2
							Westphalian A	317 *
					Namurian		Yeadonian	318.8 *
							Marsdenian	320.2 *
							Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
							Alportian	322 *
							Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3			Late Mississippian	Chokierian	323.2
							Arnsbergian	324 *
							Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean	Carboniferous 2		Middle Mississippian	Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
						Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
						Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1		Early Mississippian	Ivorian		346.7
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1		Early Mississippian	Hastarian		353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5		Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4		Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3		Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3		Couvinien				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2						393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1						407.6
		Pragian			Coblencien				408.2 *
		Lochkovian			Gedinnine				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1						433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5						Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian								Rawtheyan	445.2
										Cautleyan	448.9 *
										Pusgillian	449.3 *
									Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
										Cheneyan		451.5 *
										Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4									453
											Actonian †	453.2 *
											Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
											Longvillian †		455.2 *
										Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
										Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3						Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
		Darriwilian	Ordovician 3							Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2							Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
		Dapingian							Arenig	Fennian			468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		470						Fennian
				Whitlandian						471.1 *
				Moridunian						474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Ungurian					Tremadoc	Migneintian			477.7
									Tremadoc	Cressagian			480.8 *
													485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5	Batyrbaian									485.4
		Jiangshanian		Batyrbaian									489.5
				Aksaian									490.7 *
				Sakian									492.2 *
		Paibian		Sakian									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4	Ayusokkanian									497
		Guzhangian											499.5
		Drumian		Zhanaarykian									500.5
		Drumian		Tuesaian									503
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3	Tuesaian									504.5
		Wuliuan											505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4											509
				Toyonian									510 *
				Botomian									512.5 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2	Botomian									514
		Stage 3		Atdabanian									515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Tommotian									521
		Stage 2											525.5
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1										529
														538.8