PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Permian of Western Europe	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Devonian of France	Permian of the Salt Range
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6							0
		Northgrippian								0.0042
		Greenlandian								0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								0.0117
		Chibanian								0.129
		Calabrian								0.774
		Gelasian								1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean								3.6
	Miocene	Messinian								5.333
		Tortonian								7.246
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5							11.63
		Langhian								13.82
		Burdigalian								15.98
		Aquitanian								20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4							23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4							27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3							33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3							37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2							41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2							47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1							56
		Selandian								59.2
		Danian								61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8							66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7							72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6							83.6
		Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian								89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5							93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4							100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3							113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2							121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2							125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1							132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1							139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6							145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5							149.2
		Oxfordian								154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4							165.3
		Bajocian				Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites				168.2
		Bajocian					Humphresianum			168.4
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3			Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense			174.7
						Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons				180.1
						Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum				182
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2			Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni				184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1			Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi				192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1			Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4							201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4							208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3							227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2							237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2							242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1							247.2
		Induan								251.2
		Induan							Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4						Kathwai	251.902
										252.4 *
									Chhidru	252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian			Zechstein				Chhidru	254.14
									Kalabagh	255 *
									Wargal	256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Rotliegendes	259.51
		Wordian			264.28
								265.3 *
					Amb			266.1 *
		Roadian	Permian 3		Amb			266.9
		Roadian	Permian 3					270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2					273.01
		Artinskian		Autunian				283.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5					298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5					303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4					307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3					323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2					330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5					Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4					Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3					Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3					Couvinien	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2						393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1						407.6
		Pragian						Coblencien	408.2 *
		Lochkovian						Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1						433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5						443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5						445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3						458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2						467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2						470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1						Ungurian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5						Batyrbaian	485.4
		Jiangshanian							Batyrbaian	489.5
									Aksaian	490.7 *
									Sakian	492.2 *
		Paibian							Sakian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4				Ayusokkanian		497
		Guzhangian							499.5
		Drumian					Zhanaarykian		500.5
		Drumian					Tuesaian		503
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3				Tuesaian		504.5
		Wuliuan					505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4					509
						Toyonian	510 *
						Botomian	512.5 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2			Botomian	514
		Stage 3				Atdabanian	515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Tommotian	521
		Stage 2					525.5
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1				529
										538.8