PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cambrian of Siberia			Ordovician of North America						Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Ordovician of the Baltic			Central Paratethys Stages	Mesozoic Subages	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6																Wanganui	Haweran	0
		Northgrippian																			0.0042
		Greenlandian																			0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											Nihewanian								0.0117
		Chibanian																			0.129
		Chibanian																		Castlecliffian	0.34
		Calabrian																		Castlecliffian	0.774
		Calabrian																		Nukumaruan	1.63
		Gelasian																		Nukumaruan	1.8
		Gelasian																		Mangapanian	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Yushean							Mangapanian	2.58
		Piacenzian																		Waipipian	3
		Zanclean																		Waipipian	3.6
																				Opoitian	3.7
													Baodean							Opoitian	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian																	Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
		Messinian																		Tongaporutuan	7.2
		Tortonian															Pannonian			Tongaporutuan	7.246
																			Southland	Waiauan	11.04
													Tunggurian								11.1
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5														Sarmatian				11.63
																	Badenian				12.8 *
																	Badenian			Lillburnian	13.05
		Langhian											Shanwangian							Lillburnian	13.82
																				Clifdenian	15.1
																			Pareora	Altonian	15.9
		Burdigalian																			15.98
													Xiejiaan								16.9
																				Otaian	18.7
		Aquitanian																		Otaian	20.44
		Aquitanian																	Landon	Waitakian	21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4																	Waitakian	23.03
																				Duntroonian	25.2
																				Whaingaroan	27.3
		Rupelian																			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3																		33.9
																			Arnold	Runangan	34.6
																				Kaiatan	36.7
		Bartonian																		Kaiatan	37.71
		Bartonian																		Bortonian	39.1
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2																	Bortonian	41.2
																			Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
																				Heretaungan	45.7
		Ypresian																		Heretaungan	47.8
																				Mangaorapan	48.9
																				Waipawan	52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1																	Teurian	56
		Selandian																			59.2
		Danian																			61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8															Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian	66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7															Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		Haumurian	72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6															Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		Piripauan	83.6
		Santonian																Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
		Coniacian																Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian			86.3
		Turonian																Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian			89.8
																				Mangaotanean	90.5
																				Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5															Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian		Arowhanan	93.9
																			Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
																				Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4															Late Albian		Motuan	100.5
																		Late Albian		Urutawan	103.3
																		Middle Albian		Urutawan	106.2 *
																		Middle Albian	Taitai	Korangan	108.4
				Early Albian	109.9 *
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3	Late Aptian	113
				Late Aptian		117.5
				Early Aptian		119.5 *
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2	Late Barremian/Early Barremian		121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2	Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian		125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1	Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian		132.6
		Berriasian		Late Berriasian		139.8
				Middle Berriasian		140.6 *
				Early Berriasian		142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6	Late Tithonian		Middle Tithonian		145
		Tithonian	Jurassic 6	Early Tithonian		Middle Tithonian		146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5	Late Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Kimmeridgian		Early Kimmeridgian				152.2 *
		Oxfordian		Late Oxfordian		Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		154.8
		Oxfordian				Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4	Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian		Late Bajocian				168.2
		Bajocian		Early Bajocian				168.6 *
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3	Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Late Toarcian				174.7
				Middle Toarcian				180.4 *
				Early Toarcian				182.9 *
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian				184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1	Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1	Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4					201.4
		Norian		Sevatian				208.5
				Alaunian				213.2 *
				Lacian				216.7 *
		Carnian	Triassic 3	Tuvalian				227
		Carnian	Triassic 3	Julian				233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2	Longobardian				237
		Ladinian		Fassanian				239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian				242
				Pelsonian				243.8 *
				Bithynian				244.7 *
				Aegean				245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	Spathian				247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian				248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian				251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian				251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4					251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						259.51
		Wordian						264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2					273.01
		Artinskian						283.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5					298.9
		Gzhelian						Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian						Xiaodushanian	303.7
		Kasimovian						Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4						307
		Bashkirian							315.2
								Huashibanian	318.5 *
								Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3					Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3					Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean	Carboniferous 2					Shangsian	330.9
		Visean	Carboniferous 2					Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1					Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2		393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1		407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1		433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5		Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Harju		Porkuni	443.8
		Katian				Gamachian			Pirgu	445.2
						Richmondian			Pirgu	446 *
						Richmondian			Vormsi	449.6 *
						Maysvillian			Vormsi	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
						Maysvillian			Nabala		Johvi †	450 *
						Edenian			Nabala			450.4 *
						Edenian	Viru		Rakvere			450.6 *
					Mohawkian	Chatfieldian			Rakvere			451.1 *
									Oandu			452 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4						Keila		Idavere †	453
						Turinian			Keila			453.7 *
									Haljala			453.9
									Kukruse			456.4 *
					Whiterockian				Kukruse	Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
									Uhaku		Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3						Uhaku				458.4
									Lasnamagi				458.9 *
									Aseri				460.4 *
							Oeland		Kunda				462.9 *
									Kunda		Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
									Volkhov				Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2											467.3
						Rangerian								469.1 *
						Rangerian			Billingen					469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Ibexian	Blackhillsian						Jeffersonian †		Cassinian †	470
											Latorp †				470.1 *
				Hunneberg					473.7 *
						Tulean			473.9 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1			Tulean			477.7
						Stairsian			480.3 *
				Varangu		Stairsian			481.3 *
				Varangu		Skullrockian			Demingian †					482 *
				Pakerort										482.2 *
														Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5						Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian					485.4
																486.3 *
																486.5
																487.5
		Jiangshanian														489.5
									Aksaian							490.7 *
									Sakian							492.2 *
		Paibian														494
		Paibian									Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian					494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4						Ayusokkanian							497
		Guzhangian							Mayan/Menevian							499.5
		Drumian							Mayan/Menevian							500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3						Amgan/Solvan							504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4							Amgan/Solvan							509
								Toyonian	Lenian †	510 *
								Botomian		512.5 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2					Botomian		514
		Stage 3						Atdabanian		515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						Tommotian		521
		Stage 2						Nemakit-Daldynian		525.5
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1					Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †	529
																					538.8