PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cambrian of Siberia			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Silurian of England		Cambrian of China		Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of Australia	Ordovician of the Baltic
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6																			0
		Northgrippian																				0.0042
		Greenlandian																				0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													Late Pleistocene							0.0117
		Chibanian													Middle Pleistocene							0.129
		Calabrian													Early Pleistocene							0.774
		Gelasian													Early Pleistocene							1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian													Late Pliocene							2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean													Early Pliocene							3.6
	Miocene	Messinian													Late Miocene							5.333
		Tortonian													Late Miocene							7.246
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5												Middle Miocene							11.63
		Langhian													Middle Miocene							13.82
		Burdigalian													Early Miocene							15.98
		Aquitanian													Early Miocene							20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4												Late Oligocene							23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4												Early Oligocene							27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3												Late Eocene							33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3												Middle Eocene							37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2												Middle Eocene							41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2												Early Eocene							47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1												Late Paleocene							56
		Selandian													Middle Paleocene							59.2
		Danian													Early Paleocene							61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8																			66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7																			72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6																			83.6
		Coniacian																				86.3
		Turonian																				89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5																			93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4																			100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3																			113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2																			121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2																			125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1																			132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1																			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6																			145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5																			149.2
		Oxfordian																				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																				161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4																			165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4																			168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3																			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3																			174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2																			184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1																			192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1																			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4																			201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4																			208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3																			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2																			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2																			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1																			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1																			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4																			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian																				254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian																				259.51
		Wordian																				264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3																			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2																			273.01
		Artinskian																				283.5
		Sakmarian																				290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1																			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5																			298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5	303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4	307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2	330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2	393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1	407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2	Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
	Pridoli			Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton	421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
		Gorstian				425.6
		Gorstian			Buildwas	426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian			Buildwas	427.4
		Homerian		Wych	Woolhope	428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1			433.4
		Telychian				436.3 *
		Aeronian				438.5
		Aeronian		Cowleigh Park		439.3 *
		Rhuddanian		Cowleigh Park		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5	Kosovian			Harju	Porkuni	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian		Kralodvorian				Bohdalec †		Gamachian	Pirgu	445.2
										Richmondian	Pirgu	446 *
											Vormsi	449.6 *
				Berounian								449.7 *
										Maysvillian		Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
										Maysvillian	Nabala		Johvi †	450 *
										Edenian	Nabala			450.4 *
							Viru			Edenian	Rakvere			450.6 *
									Mohawkian	Chatfieldian	Rakvere			451.1 *
											Oandu			452 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4								Keila		Idavere †	453
										Turinian	Keila			453.7 *
											Haljala			453.9
											Haljala			Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
											Kukruse					456.4 *
									Whiterockian		Kukruse	Canadian †				Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
											Uhaku		Aluoja †				457.5 *
								Liben †									458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3														458.4
				Dobrotivian													458.5 *
				Dobrotivian							Lasnamagi						458.9 *
				Oretanian							Lasnamagi						459.7 *
											Aseri						460.4 *
								Sarka †			Aseri						461.7 *
							Oeland				Kunda						462.9 *
											Kunda		Valaste †/Hunderum				464.3 *
											Volkhov						Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2					Klabava †										467.3
				Arenigian														468
										Rangerian								469.1 *
										Rangerian	Billingen							469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian							Ibexian	Blackhillsian						Jeffersonian †		Cassinian †	470
													Latorp †						470.1 *
											Hunneberg								473.7 *
										Tulean									473.9 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Tremadocian						Tulean									477.7
										Stairsian									480.3 *
										Stairsian	Varangu								481.3 *
										Skullrockian	Varangu							Demingian †	482 *
											Pakerort								482.2 *
																			Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5	Batyrbaian								Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian					Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	Datsonian	485.4
																					486.3 *
																					486.5
																				Payntonian	486.8 *
																				Payntonian	487.5
		Jiangshanian																Jiangshanian		Iverian	489.5
				Aksaian																	490.7 *
				Sakian																	492.2 *
		Paibian																Paibian		Idamean	494
													Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian								494.7 *
													Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian						Waergangian †/Youshuanian		494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4	Ayusokkanian														Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Mindyallan	497
				Ayusokkanian																Boomerangian	499
				Mayan/Menevian																Boomerangian	499.5
		Drumian																Drumian		Undillan	500.5
		Drumian																Drumian		Floran	503
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3	Amgan/Solvan														Wuliuan/Taijangian		Templetonian	504.5
		Wuliuan																Wuliuan/Taijangian		Ordian	507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4			Duyunian													509
				Toyonian								Lenian †						510 *
				Toyonian																510.8 *
				Botomian																512.5 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2	Botomian	Nangaoian	514
		Stage 3		Atdabanian	Nangaoian							515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Tommotian	Meishucunian							521
		Stage 2		Nemakit-Daldynian								525.5
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1			Manykaian †						529
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1		Jinnigian	Manykaian †						530.7
																						538.8