PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cambrian of Siberia			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Ammonite Chrons of North America			Cenozoic Subepochs	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Carboniferous of Western Europe		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Cambrian Epochs
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6																			0
		Northgrippian																				0.0042
		Greenlandian																				0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												Late Pleistocene								0.0117
		Chibanian												Middle Pleistocene								0.129
		Calabrian												Early Pleistocene								0.774
		Gelasian												Early Pleistocene								1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												Late Pliocene								2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean												Early Pliocene								3.6
	Miocene	Messinian												Late Miocene								5.333
		Tortonian												Late Miocene								7.246
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5											Middle Miocene								11.63
		Langhian												Middle Miocene								13.82
		Burdigalian												Early Miocene								15.98
		Aquitanian												Early Miocene								20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4											Late Oligocene	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian						23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4											Early Oligocene	Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian						27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3											Late Eocene	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian							33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3											Middle Eocene	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan							37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2											Middle Eocene								41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2											Early Eocene		Bumbanian						47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1											Late Paleocene	Gashatan							56
		Selandian												Middle Paleocene								59.2
		Danian												Early Paleocene								61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8																			66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7																			72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6																			83.6
		Coniacian																				86.3
		Turonian																				89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5																			93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4																			100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3																			113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2																			121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2																			125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1																			132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1																			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6																Oteke	Puaroan		145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5																Oteke	Puaroan		149.2
																			Kawhia	Ohauan		150
																				Heterian		154.5
		Oxfordian																				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																				161.5
		Callovian																		Temaikan		164.3
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4																			165.3
		Bajocian									Epizigzagiceras											168.2
		Bajocian									Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense											168.4
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3								Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta											174.7
											Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta								Herangi	Ururoan		176
											Planulata											179.3 *
											Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi									179.8 *
											Kanense											181.3 *
											Carlottense											182.3 *
											Kunae											183.5 *
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2								Kunae											184.2
											Freboldi											185.1 *
											Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras										186.2 *
											Whiteavesi/Imlayi									Aratauran		188.9
																						189.2 *
											Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis										190.3 *
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1																			192.9
											Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras									196.4 *
											Franziceras/Euphyllites											196.5 *
		Hettangian									Franziceras/Euphyllites											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4			Balfour	Otapirian	201.4
		Norian					Warepan	208.5
							Otamitan	217
							Oretian	221
		Carnian	Triassic 3				Oretian	227
		Carnian	Triassic 3			Gore	Kaihikuan	227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2				Kaihikuan	237
		Ladinian					Etalian	238
		Anisian					Etalian	242
		Anisian					Malakovian	246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1				Malakovian	247.2
		Olenekian					Nelsonian	249
		Induan					Nelsonian	251.2
		Induan				DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4				Makarewan	251.902
		Changhsingian					Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian					Waiitian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian					Puruhauan	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Aparima	Flettian	259.51
		Wordian					Flettian	264.28
		Wordian					Barettian	266
		Roadian	Permian 3					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2					273.01
		Kungurian					Mangapirian	276
		Artinskian					Mangapirian	283.5
							Telfordian	285
								288.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1					293.52
		Asselian	Permian 1					Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5					Kuzel	298.9
								Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
									Stephanian B	300.9 *
									Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian							Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian							Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4						Cantabrian	307
								Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
									Westphalian C	309.8
									Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian							Westphalian B	315.2
									Westphalian A	317 *
								Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
									Marsdenian	320.2 *
									Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
									Alportian	322 *
									Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3						Chokierian	323.2
									Arnsbergian	324 *
									Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean	Carboniferous 2					Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
								Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
								Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1					Ivorian		346.7
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1					Hastarian		353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5							Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4							West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3							Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3							Southwoodian	Cazenovian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2							Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian		393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1										407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1										410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian										423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1	433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5	Kosovian	Hirnantian							Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian		Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †								Wufeng †	Chientangkiangian	445.2
				Kralodvorian									Neichianshanian/Hanjiang		449.5
				Berounian											449.7 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4												453
															Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
					Liben †												458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3									Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo				458.4
				Dobrotivian													458.5 *
				Oretanian													459.7 *
					Sarka †												461.7 *
					Sarka †								Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo			466.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2		Klabava †							Dapingian					467.3
		Dapingian		Arenigian								Dapingian					468
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Arenigian								Yiyangian					470
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Tremadocian								Xinchangian					477.7
														Lianghekou †			477.9 *
														Lianghekou †			Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5	Batyrbaian								Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian				Late Cambrian				485.4
		Jiangshanian		Batyrbaian																	489.5
				Aksaian		490.7 *
				Sakian		492.2 *
		Paibian				494
		Paibian				Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4	Ayusokkanian								Middle Cambrian	497
		Guzhangian		Mayan/Menevian									499.5
		Drumian		Mayan/Menevian									500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3	Amgan/Solvan									504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Amgan/Solvan								Early Cambrian	509
				Toyonian		Lenian †							510 *
				Botomian									512.5 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2	Botomian									514
		Stage 3		Atdabanian									515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Tommotian									521
		Stage 2		Nemakit-Daldynian									525.5
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1	Nemakit-Daldynian		Manykaian †							529
																						538.8