PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cambrian of Siberia			Silurian of England		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cambrian of Australia	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of North America		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6															0
		Northgrippian																0.0042
		Greenlandian																0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											Late Pleistocene					0.0117
		Chibanian											Middle Pleistocene					0.129
		Calabrian											Early Pleistocene					0.774
		Gelasian											Early Pleistocene					1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Late Pliocene					2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean											Early Pliocene					3.6
	Miocene	Messinian											Late Miocene					5.333
		Tortonian											Late Miocene					7.246
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5										Middle Miocene					11.63
		Langhian											Middle Miocene					13.82
		Burdigalian											Early Miocene					15.98
		Aquitanian											Early Miocene					20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4										Late Oligocene					23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4										Early Oligocene					27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3										Late Eocene					33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3										Middle Eocene					37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2										Middle Eocene					41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2										Early Eocene					47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1										Late Paleocene					56
		Selandian											Middle Paleocene					59.2
		Danian											Early Paleocene					61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8															66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7															72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6															83.6
		Coniacian																86.3
		Turonian																89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4															100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3															113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2															121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2															125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1															132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6						Oteke	Puaroan								145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5						Oteke	Puaroan								149.2
									Kawhia	Ohauan								150
										Heterian								154.5
		Oxfordian																154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
		Callovian								Temaikan								164.3
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4															165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4															168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3															170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																174.7
		Toarcian							Herangi	Ururoan								176
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2							Ururoan								184.2
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2							Aratauran								188.9
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1															192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1															199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4						Balfour	Otapirian								201.4
		Norian								Warepan								208.5
										Otamitan								217
										Oretian								221
		Carnian	Triassic 3							Oretian								227
		Carnian	Triassic 3						Gore	Kaihikuan								227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2							Kaihikuan								237
		Ladinian								Etalian								238
		Anisian								Etalian								242
		Anisian								Malakovian								246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1							Malakovian								247.2
		Olenekian								Nelsonian								249
		Induan		251.2						Nelsonian
		Induan		DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4		Makarewan	Melekhovian	251.902
		Changhsingian			Waiitian		253.2
		Wuchiapingian			Waiitian		254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Puruhauan		254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Aparima	Flettian		259.51
		Wordian					264.28
						Noginskian	264.9 *
					Barettian		266
		Roadian	Permian 3				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2				273.01
					Mangapirian		276
						Pavlovoposadian	276.8 *
		Artinskian					283.5
					Telfordian		285
					Telfordian	Rusavkinian	287.6 *
							288.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5				Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian				Dorogomilovian		303.7
						Khamovnikian		304.8
						Krevyakinian		305.8 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4			Myachkovian	Middle Pennsylvanian	307
						Podolskian		308.9 *
						Kashirian		311.4 *
						Vereian		313.8
						Melekessian		314.8
		Bashkirian				Melekessian	Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
						Cheremshanian		316.9 *
						Prikamian		318.6 *
						Severokeltmian		319.9 *
						Krasnopolyanian		321.2 *
						Voznesenian		321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3			Zapaltjubian	Late Mississippian	323.2
						Protvian		324.4 *
						Steshevian		326.8 *
						Tarusian		329 *
		Visean	Carboniferous 2			Venevian	Middle Mississippian	330.9
						Mikhailovian		331.9 *
						Aleksinian		333.7 *
						Tulian		335.8 *
						Bobrikian		339.9 *
						Radaevkian		343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1			Kosvian	Early Mississippian	346.7
						Kizelian		350.7 *
						Cherepetian		351.9 *
						Karakubian		354.4 *
						Upinian		356.3 *
						Malevkian		357.6 *
						Gumerovian		358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2					393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1					407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2					Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
	Pridoli							Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton	421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
		Gorstian								425.6
		Gorstian							Buildwas	426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian							Buildwas	427.4
		Homerian						Wych	Woolhope	428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1							433.4
		Telychian								436.3 *
		Aeronian								438.5
		Aeronian						Cowleigh Park		439.3 *
		Rhuddanian						Cowleigh Park		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5							Kosovian	443.8
		Katian								Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian								Berounian		449.7 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4									453
												Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
											Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3											458.4
										Dobrotivian				458.5 *
										Oretanian				459.7 *
				Sarka †							461.7 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2	Klabava †							467.3
		Dapingian								Arenigian	468
	Early Ordovician	Floian								Arenigian	470
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Tremadocian							477.7
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Tremadocian							Mansian †		483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5	Batyrbaian							Tavgian †		Ketyan †/Yurakian	Datsonian	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
														Payntonian		486.8 *
														Payntonian		Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian												Iverian			489.5
				Aksaian													490.7 *
				Sakian													492.2 *
																Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian												Idamean			494
		Paibian											Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	Idamean			494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4	Ayusokkanian										Mindyallan	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
				Ayusokkanian										Boomerangian			499
				Mayan/Menevian										Boomerangian			499.5
		Drumian												Undillan			500.5
		Drumian												Floran			503
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3	Amgan/Solvan										Templetonian	Topazan		504.5
														Templetonian	Delamaran		506.5
														Ordian			507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4														Waucoban †	509
				Toyonian							Lenian †						510 *
																	510.8 *
															Dyeran		511 *
				Botomian													512.5 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2														514
															Montezuman		514.8 *
				Atdabanian											Montezuman		515.6 *
				Atdabanian											Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Tommotian													521
		Stage 2		Nemakit-Daldynian													525.5
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1	Nemakit-Daldynian							Manykaian †						529
																		538.8