PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cambrian of Siberia			Devonian of Eastern North America		Cambrian of Britain		Mesozoic Subages		Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6											Wanganui	Haweran	0
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
		Chibanian														0.129
		Chibanian													Castlecliffian	0.34
		Calabrian													Castlecliffian	0.774
		Calabrian													Nukumaruan	1.63
		Gelasian													Nukumaruan	1.8
		Gelasian													Mangapanian	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian													Mangapanian	2.58
		Piacenzian													Waipipian	3
		Zanclean													Waipipian	3.6
		Zanclean													Opoitian	3.7
	Miocene	Messinian												Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
		Messinian													Tongaporutuan	7.2
		Tortonian													Tongaporutuan	7.246
		Tortonian												Southland	Waiauan	11.04
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5												Waiauan	11.63
		Serravallian													Lillburnian	13.05
		Langhian													Lillburnian	13.82
															Clifdenian	15.1
														Pareora	Altonian	15.9
		Burdigalian													Altonian	15.98
		Burdigalian													Otaian	18.7
		Aquitanian													Otaian	20.44
		Aquitanian												Landon	Waitakian	21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4												Waitakian	23.03
															Duntroonian	25.2
															Whaingaroan	27.3
		Rupelian														27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3													33.9
														Arnold	Runangan	34.6
															Kaiatan	36.7
		Bartonian													Kaiatan	37.71
		Bartonian													Bortonian	39.1
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2												Bortonian	41.2
														Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
															Heretaungan	45.7
		Ypresian													Heretaungan	47.8
															Mangaorapan	48.9
															Waipawan	52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1												Teurian	56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8								Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian			Mata	Haumurian	66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7								Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian				Haumurian	72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6								Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian				Piripauan	83.6
		Santonian									Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian			Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
		Coniacian									Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian					86.3
		Turonian									Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian					89.8
															Mangaotanean	90.5
															Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5								Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian				Arowhanan	93.9
														Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
															Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4								Late Albian				Motuan	100.5
											Late Albian				Urutawan	103.3
											Middle Albian				Urutawan	106.2 *
											Middle Albian			Taitai	Korangan	108.4
											Early Albian					109.9 *
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3								Late Aptian					113
											Late Aptian					117.5
											Early Aptian					119.5 *
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2	Late Barremian/Early Barremian	121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2	Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian	125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1	Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian	132.6
		Berriasian		Late Berriasian	139.8
				Middle Berriasian	140.6 *
				Early Berriasian	142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6	Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		145
		Tithonian	Jurassic 6	Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5	Late Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Kimmeridgian		Early Kimmeridgian			152.2 *
		Oxfordian		Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		154.8
		Oxfordian			Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4	Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian		Late Bajocian			Epizigzagiceras	168.2
				Late Bajocian			Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense	168.4
				Early Bajocian			Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense	168.6 *
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3	Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian			Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Late Toarcian			Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta	174.7
							Planulata	179.3 *
								Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
				Middle Toarcian					180.4 *
							Kanense		181.3 *
							Carlottense		182.3 *
				Early Toarcian			Carlottense		182.9 *
				Early Toarcian			Kunae		183.5 *
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian			Kunae		184.2
							Freboldi		185.1 *
							Whiteavesi/Imlayi		Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
									Tetraspidoceras	189.2 *
							Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras		Canadensis	190.3 *
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1	Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian						192.9
							Pseudaetomoceras	Psiloceras		196.4 *
							Franziceras/Euphyllites			196.5 *
		Hettangian		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian			Franziceras/Euphyllites			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4							201.4
		Norian		Sevatian						208.5
				Alaunian						213.2 *
				Lacian						216.7 *
		Carnian	Triassic 3	Tuvalian						227
		Carnian	Triassic 3	Julian						233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2	Longobardian						237
		Ladinian		Fassanian						239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian						242
				Pelsonian						243.8 *
				Bithynian						244.7 *
				Aegean						245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	Spathian						247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian						248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian						251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian						251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4							Melekhovian	Buntsandstein	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian									Buntsandstein	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									Ohre/Aller	259.51
		Wordian									Leine	264.28
		Wordian								Noginskian	Leine	264.9 *
		Roadian	Permian 3									266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2									273.01
		Kungurian								Pavlovoposadian		276.8 *
		Artinskian								Pavlovoposadian		283.5
		Artinskian								Rusavkinian		287.6 *
		Sakmarian										290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1									293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5									298.9
		Gzhelian										Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian								Dorogomilovian			303.7
										Khamovnikian			304.8
										Krevyakinian		Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4							Myachkovian			307
										Podolskian			308.9 *
						Kashirian				311.4 *
						Vereian				313.8
						Melekessian				314.8
		Bashkirian				Melekessian				315.2
						Cheremshanian				316.9 *
						Cheremshanian				Huashibanian		318.5 *
					Prikamian	318.6 *
					Severokeltmian	319.9 *
					Krasnopolyanian	Lousuan				321.2 *
					Voznesenian	Lousuan				321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3		Zapaltjubian	Dewunian				323.2
					Protvian					324.4 *
					Steshevian					326.8 *
					Tarusian					329 *
					Tarusian	Shangsian				330.8 *
		Visean	Carboniferous 2		Venevian					330.9
					Mikhailovian					331.9 *
					Aleksinian					333.7 *
					Aleksinian	Jiusian				335 *
					Tulian					335.8 *
					Bobrikian					339.9 *
					Radaevkian					343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1		Kosvian	Tangbagouan				346.7
					Kizelian					350.7 *
					Cherepetian					351.9 *
					Karakubian					354.4 *
					Upinian					356.3 *
					Malevkian				357.6 *
					Gumerovian				358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5		Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4		West Fallsian/Sonyean			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3		Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan			Cazenovian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3		Southwoodian			Cazenovian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2		Sawkillian/Deer Parkian			Helderbergian	393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1						407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1						433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5						Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou		Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian		Chientangkiangian					445.2			Wufeng †
		Katian		Neichianshanian/Hanjiang								449.5
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang								453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3	Darriwilian						Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
		Darriwilian	Ordovician 3	Darriwilian					Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo		466.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2	Dapingian							467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2	Yiyangian							470
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Xinchangian							477.7
										Lianghekou †	477.9 *
										Lianghekou †	Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5	Batyrbaian					Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan			485.4
		Stage 10										Festiniogian			489.2 *
		Jiangshanian													489.5
				Aksaian											490.7 *
				Sakian											492.2 *
												Maentwrogian			493.1 *
		Paibian													494
		Paibian								Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian					494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4	Ayusokkanian							St Davids				497
		Guzhangian		Mayan/Menevian											499.5
		Drumian		Mayan/Menevian											500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3	Amgan/Solvan											504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Amgan/Solvan							Caerfai				509
				Toyonian					Lenian †						510 *
				Botomian											512.5 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2	Botomian											514
		Stage 3		Atdabanian											515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Tommotian											521
		Stage 2		Nemakit-Daldynian											525.5
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1	Nemakit-Daldynian					Manykaian †						529
																538.8