PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cambrian of Siberia			Permian of Western Europe	Ordovician of Britain				Silurian Ages of Europe	North American Land Mammal Ages	Permian of North America		Cretaceous Subepochs	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6										Saintaugustinean						0
		Meghalayan											Santarosean						0.0004
		Northgrippian																	0.0042
		Greenlandian																	0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																	0.0117
		Late Pleistocene											Rancholabrean						0.014
		Chibanian											Rancholabrean						0.129
		Chibanian											Irvingtonian						0.21
		Calabrian											Irvingtonian						0.774
		Calabrian											Blancan						1.4
		Gelasian																	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																	2.58
		Zanclean																	3.6
		Zanclean											Hemphillian						4.7
	Miocene	Messinian																	5.333
		Tortonian																	7.246
		Tortonian											Clarendonian						9.4
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5										Clarendonian						11.63
		Serravallian											Barstovian						12.5
		Langhian																	13.82
		Burdigalian																	15.98
													Hemingfordian						16.3
													Arikareean						18.5
		Aquitanian																	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4																23.03
		Rupelian																	27.82
													Whitneyan						29.5
													Orellan						31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3										Chadronian						33.9
		Priabonian											Duchesnean						37
		Bartonian											Duchesnean						37.71
		Bartonian											Uintan						39.7
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2										Uintan						41.2
		Lutetian											Bridgerian						46.2
		Ypresian											Bridgerian						47.8
													Wasatchian						50.5
													Clarkforkian						54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1										Clarkforkian						56
		Thanetian											Tiffanian						56.2
		Selandian											Tiffanian						59.2
		Selandian											Torrejonian						60.9
		Danian											Torrejonian						61.6
		Danian											Puercan						63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8													Senonian			66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7																72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6																83.6
		Coniacian																	86.3
		Turonian																	89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5																93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4													Gallic			100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3																113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2																121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2													Neocomian			125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1																132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1																139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6																145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5																149.2
		Oxfordian																	154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4																165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4																168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3																170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3																174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2																184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1	192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4	201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4	208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Zechstein	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Rotliegendes	Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian			Wordian	264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3		Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2		Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
		Kungurian				Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian		Autunian		Hessian	283.5
		Artinskian			Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
		Sakmarian				Lenoxian	290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1			Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5				Mapingian †	298.9
		Kasimovian					Mapingian †	303.7
		Kasimovian						305.9
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4					307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3					323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2					330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2					393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1					407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian						Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1						433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5						Ashgill	Hirnantian	Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian								Rawtheyan	Chientangkiangian			445.2
										Cautleyan				448.9 *
										Pusgillian				449.3 *
										Pusgillian	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
									Caradoc	Streffordian				Onnian †	449.6 *
										Cheneyan					451.5 *
										Burrellian					452.7 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4												453
														Actonian †	453.2 *
														Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †		454.2 *
														Longvillian †		455.2 *
										Aurelucian				Longvillian †		456.8 *
										Aurelucian				Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3						Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn		Darriwilian		Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
										Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				Guniu †/Hulo		461.3 *
													Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo		466.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2									Dapingian				467.3
		Dapingian							Arenig	Fennian		Dapingian				468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian								Fennian		Yiyangian				470
										Whitlandian						471.1 *
										Moridunian						474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1						Tremadoc	Migneintian		Xinchangian				477.7
										Migneintian				Lianghekou †		477.9 *
										Cressagian						480.8 *
										Cressagian						Mansian †	483.55 *
																Mansian †	485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5									Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian		Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
		Stage 10															Festiniogian	489.2 *
		Jiangshanian																489.5
												Aksaian						490.7 *
												Sakian						492.2 *
																	Maentwrogian	493.1 *
		Paibian																494
		Paibian												Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian				494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4									Ayusokkanian				St Davids		497
		Guzhangian										Mayan/Menevian						499.5
		Drumian										Mayan/Menevian						500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3									Amgan/Solvan						504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4										Amgan/Solvan				Caerfai		509
				Toyonian	Lenian †	510 *
				Botomian		512.5 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2	Botomian		514
		Stage 3		Atdabanian		515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Tommotian		521
		Stage 2		Nemakit-Daldynian		525.5
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1	Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †	529
																			538.8