PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cambrian of Australia	Mammal Paleogene Zones		Silurian of the Baltic	Mesozoic Subages		Cenozoic Subepochs	Ordovician of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6										0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								Late Pleistocene			0.0117
		Chibanian								Middle Pleistocene			0.129
		Calabrian								Early Pleistocene			0.774
		Gelasian								Early Pleistocene			1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Late Pliocene			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean								Early Pliocene			3.6
	Miocene	Messinian								Late Miocene			5.333
		Tortonian								Late Miocene			7.246
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5							Middle Miocene			11.63
		Langhian								Middle Miocene			13.82
		Burdigalian								Early Miocene			15.98
		Aquitanian								Early Miocene			20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4		MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25				Late Oligocene			23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4		MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21	MP 25				Early Oligocene			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3		MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A					Late Eocene			33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3		MP 16					Middle Eocene			37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2		MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11					Middle Eocene			41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2		MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7					Early Eocene			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1		MP 6	MP 1 - 5				Late Paleocene			56
		Selandian								Middle Paleocene			59.2
		Danian								Early Paleocene			61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8					Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian					66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7					Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian					72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6					Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian					83.6
		Coniacian						Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian					86.3
		Turonian						Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian					89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5					Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian					93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4					Late Albian					100.5
								Middle Albian					106.2 *
								Early Albian					109.9 *
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3					Late Aptian					113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3					Early Aptian					119.5 *
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2					Late Barremian/Early Barremian					121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2					Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian					125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1					Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian					132.6
		Berriasian						Late Berriasian					139.8
								Middle Berriasian					140.6 *
								Early Berriasian					142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6					Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian				145
		Tithonian	Jurassic 6					Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian				146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5					Late Kimmeridgian					149.2
		Kimmeridgian						Early Kimmeridgian					152.2 *
		Oxfordian						Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian				154.8
		Oxfordian							Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian				157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian						Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4					Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian					165.3
		Bajocian						Late Bajocian					168.2
		Bajocian						Early Bajocian					168.6 *
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3					Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian						Late Toarcian					174.7
								Middle Toarcian					180.4 *
								Early Toarcian					182.9 *
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2					Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian					184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1					Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian					192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1					Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4										201.4
		Norian						Sevatian					208.5
								Alaunian					213.2 *
								Lacian					216.7 *
		Carnian	Triassic 3					Tuvalian					227
		Carnian	Triassic 3					Julian					233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2	Longobardian			237
		Ladinian		Fassanian			239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian			242
				Pelsonian			243.8 *
				Bithynian			244.7 *
				Aegean			245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	Spathian			247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian			248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian			251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian			251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
		Wordian					264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2				273.01
		Artinskian					283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5				298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5				303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4				307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3		323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2		330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2		393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1		407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2		Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli				Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian			Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian			Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian			Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian			Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian			Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1		Jaani	433.4
		Telychian			Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian			Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian			Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian			Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian			Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5			Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian					Gamachian	445.2
							Richmondian	446 *
							Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
							Edenian		450.4 *
						Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		451.1 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4				Chatfieldian		453
							Turinian		453.7 *
						Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3							458.4
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2							467.3
		Dapingian					Rangerian			469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian					Tulean				473.9 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1				Tulean				477.7
							Stairsian				480.3 *
							Skullrockian			Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5					Datsonian				485.4
								Payntonian				486.8 *
								Payntonian				487.5
		Jiangshanian						Iverian				489.5
		Paibian						Idamean				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4					Mindyallan				497
		Guzhangian						Boomerangian				499
		Drumian						Undillan				500.5
		Drumian						Floran				503
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3	Templetonian				504.5
		Wuliuan		Ordian				507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4		Ordian				509
		Stage 4						510.8 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2					514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2					521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1					529
													538.8