PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cambrian of Australia	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		North American Land Mammal Ages	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Carboniferous of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Neogene Mammal Ages of China
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6		Wanganui	Haweran	Saintaugustinean							0
		Meghalayan					Santarosean							0.0004
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											Nihewanian	0.0117
		Late Pleistocene					Rancholabrean							0.014
		Chibanian					Rancholabrean							0.129
							Irvingtonian							0.21
						Castlecliffian								0.34
		Calabrian												0.774
							Blancan							1.4
						Nukumaruan								1.63
		Gelasian				Nukumaruan								1.8
		Gelasian				Mangapanian								2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Mangapanian				Tertiary †			Yushean	2.58
		Piacenzian				Waipipian								3
		Zanclean				Waipipian								3.6
						Opoitian								3.7
							Hemphillian							4.7
													Baodean	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian			Taranaki	Kapitean								5.333
		Messinian				Tongaporutuan								7.2
		Tortonian												7.246
							Clarendonian							9.4
					Southland	Waiauan								11.04
													Tunggurian	11.1
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5											11.63
							Barstovian							12.5
						Lillburnian								13.05
		Langhian				Lillburnian							Shanwangian	13.82
						Clifdenian								15.1
					Pareora	Altonian								15.9
		Burdigalian												15.98
							Hemingfordian							16.3
							Hemingfordian						Xiejiaan	16.9
							Arikareean							18.5
						Otaian								18.7
		Aquitanian				Otaian								20.44
		Aquitanian			Landon	Waitakian								21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4			Waitakian								23.03
						Duntroonian								25.2
						Whaingaroan								27.3
		Rupelian												27.82
							Whitneyan							29.5
							Orellan							31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3				Chadronian							33.9
					Arnold	Runangan								34.6
						Kaiatan								36.7
							Duchesnean							37
		Bartonian												37.71
						Bortonian								39.1
							Uintan							39.7
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2											41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan								42.6
						Heretaungan								45.7
							Bridgerian							46.2
		Ypresian												47.8
						Mangaorapan								48.9
						Mangaorapan	Wasatchian							50.5
						Waipawan	Wasatchian							52
						Waipawan	Clarkforkian							54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1			Teurian	Clarkforkian							56
		Thanetian					Tiffanian							56.2
		Selandian					Tiffanian							59.2
		Selandian		Torrejonian			60.9
		Danian		Torrejonian			61.6
		Danian		Puercan			63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8	Mata	Haumurian			66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7		Haumurian			72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6		Piripauan			83.6
		Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
		Coniacian						86.3
		Turonian						89.8
					Mangaotanean			90.5
					Arowhanan			93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5		Arowhanan			93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
					Motuan			99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4		Motuan			100.5
					Urutawan			103.3
				Taitai	Korangan			108.4
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3		Korangan			113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3					117.5
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2					121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2					125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1					132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1					139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6					145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5					149.2
		Oxfordian						154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4					165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4					168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3					174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2					184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1					192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4					201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4					208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1					247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1					251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4					Melekhovian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian								259.51
		Wordian								264.28
		Wordian						Noginskian		264.9 *
		Roadian	Permian 3							266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2							273.01
		Kungurian						Pavlovoposadian		276.8 *
		Artinskian						Pavlovoposadian		283.5
		Artinskian						Rusavkinian		287.6 *
		Sakmarian								290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1							293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5							Mapingian †	298.9
		Gzhelian									Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian						Dorogomilovian				303.7
								Khamovnikian				304.8
								Dalaun			Krevyakinian	305.8 *
											Krevyakinian	305.9
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4								Myachkovian	307
											Podolskian	308.9 *
											Kashirian	311.4 *
											Vereian	313.8
											Melekessian	314.8
		Bashkirian									Melekessian	315.2
											Cheremshanian	316.9 *
								Huashibanian			Cheremshanian	318.5 *
						Prikamian	318.6 *
						Severokeltmian	319.9 *
						Lousuan	Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
						Lousuan	Voznesenian	321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3			Dewunian	Zapaltjubian	323.2
							Protvian	324.4 *
							Steshevian	326.8 *
							Tarusian	329 *
						Shangsian	Tarusian	330.8 *
		Visean	Carboniferous 2				Venevian	330.9
							Mikhailovian	331.9 *
							Aleksinian	333.7 *
						Jiusian	Aleksinian	335 *
							Tulian	335.8 *
							Bobrikian	339.9 *
					Radaevkian		343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1		Tangbagouan	Kosvian	346.7
						Kizelian	350.7 *
						Cherepetian	351.9 *
						Karakubian	354.4 *
				Upinian		356.3 *
				Malevkian		357.6 *
				Gumerovian		358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2			393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1			407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1			433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5			Bolindian	443.8
		Katian				Bolindian	445.2
						Eastonian	449 *
						Gisbornian	452 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4			Gisbornian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3			Darriwilian	458.4
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2			Yapeenian	467.3
		Dapingian				Castlemainian	468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Chewtonian	470
						Bendigonian	471.8 *
						Lancefieldian	473.5 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1			Lancefieldian	477.7
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1			Warendian	482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5			Datsonian	Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan			485.4
						Payntonian		Dolgellian/Trempealeauan			486.8 *
						Payntonian		Festiniogian			489.2 *
		Jiangshanian				Iverian		Festiniogian			489.5
		Jiangshanian				Iverian		Maentwrogian		493.1 *
		Paibian				Idamean		Maentwrogian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4			Mindyallan	Series 3 †	St Davids			497
		Guzhangian				Boomerangian					499
		Drumian				Undillan					500.5
		Drumian				Floran					503
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3			Templetonian					Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan				Ordian					Stage 5 †	507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4				Ordian					Caerfai	509
		Stage 4										510.8 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2									514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1									529
														538.8