PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cambrian of China		Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Mesozoic Subages		Carboniferous of Western Europe		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Cambrian Epochs	Devonian of Eastern North America	Ordovician of China
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6													0
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Nihewanian										0.0117
		Chibanian														0.129
		Calabrian														0.774
		Gelasian														1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Yushean										2.58
		Zanclean				Yushean										3.6
		Zanclean				Baodean										4.9
	Miocene	Messinian														5.333
		Tortonian														7.246
		Tortonian				Tunggurian										11.1
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5			Tunggurian										11.63
		Langhian				Shanwangian										13.82
		Burdigalian				Shanwangian										15.98
		Burdigalian				Xiejiaan										16.9
		Aquitanian				Xiejiaan										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4													23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3													33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3													37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2													41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2													47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1													56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8				Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian									66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7				Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian									72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6				Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian					Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian					Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5				Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4				Late Albian									100.5
							Middle Albian									106.2 *
							Early Albian									109.9 *
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3				Late Aptian									113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3				Early Aptian									119.5 *
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2				Late Barremian/Early Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2				Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1				Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian					Late Berriasian									139.8
							Middle Berriasian									140.6 *
							Early Berriasian									142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6				Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian			Oteke	Puaroan				145
		Tithonian	Jurassic 6				Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian								146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5				Late Kimmeridgian									149.2
							Late Kimmeridgian				Kawhia	Ohauan				150
							Early Kimmeridgian					Ohauan				152.2 *
							Early Kimmeridgian					Heterian				154.5
		Oxfordian					Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian								154.8
		Oxfordian						Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian								157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian									161.5
		Callovian					Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian					Temaikan				164.3
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4				Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian					Late Bajocian									168.2
		Bajocian					Early Bajocian									168.6 *
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3				Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Late Toarcian									174.7
							Late Toarcian				Herangi	Ururoan				176
							Middle Toarcian									180.4 *
							Early Toarcian									182.9 *
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2				Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian									184.2
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2				Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian					Aratauran				188.9
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1	Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian	192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1	Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4		Balfour		Otapirian		201.4
		Norian		Sevatian			Warepan		208.5
				Alaunian					213.2 *
				Lacian					216.7 *
							Otamitan		217
							Oretian		221
		Carnian	Triassic 3	Tuvalian			Oretian		227
				Tuvalian	Gore		Kaihikuan		227.5
				Julian					233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2	Longobardian					237
				Longobardian			Etalian		238
				Fassanian					239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian					242
				Pelsonian					243.8 *
				Bithynian					244.7 *
				Aegean					245.5 *
				Aegean		Malakovian	246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	Spathian			247.2
				Smithian			248.9 *
				Smithian		Nelsonian	249
		Induan		Dienerian			251.2
				Griesbachian			251.4 *
				Griesbachian	DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4			Makarewan	251.902
		Changhsingian				Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian				Waiitian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian				Puruhauan	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Aparima	Flettian	259.51
		Wordian				Flettian	264.28
		Wordian				Barettian	266
		Roadian	Permian 3				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2				273.01
		Kungurian				Mangapirian	276
		Artinskian				Mangapirian	283.5
						Telfordian	285
							288.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1				293.52
		Asselian	Permian 1				Kuzel		297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5				Kuzel		298.9
							Stephanian		Stephanian C	300.3 *
									Stephanian B	300.9 *
									Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian							Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian							Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4						Cantabrian	307
							Westphalian		Westphalian D	307.4 *
									Westphalian C	309.8
									Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian							Westphalian B	315.2
								Westphalian A	317 *
							Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
								Marsdenian	320.2 *
								Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
								Alportian	322 *
								Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3					Chokierian	323.2
								Arnsbergian	324 *
								Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean	Carboniferous 2				Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
							Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
							Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1				Ivorian		346.7
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1				Hastarian		353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5						Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4						West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3						Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3						Southwoodian	Cazenovian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2						Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1								407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1								410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian									423
	Ludlow	Gorstian									425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian									427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian									430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1								433.4
		Aeronian									438.5
		Rhuddanian									440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5								Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian									Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian									Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4								Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3								Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
		Darriwilian	Ordovician 3								Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2								Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2								Yiyangian			470
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Xinchangian							477.7
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Xinchangian							Lianghekou †		477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5	Niuchehean							Taoyuanian †	Late Cambrian			485.4
		Jiangshanian		Jiangshanian											489.5
		Paibian		Paibian											494
		Paibian		Paibian							Waergangian †/Youshuanian				494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4	Guzhangian							Wangcunian †	Middle Cambrian			497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4	Drumian							Wangcunian †				500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3	Wuliuan/Taijangian											504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3	Duyunian								Early Cambrian			509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2	Nangaoian											514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2	Meishucunian											521
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1	Meishucunian	529
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1	Jinnigian	530.7
																538.8