PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cambrian of China		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Devonian of Eastern North America		Permian of the Salt Range	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand	Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe	European Faunal Zones
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6			Wanganui	Haweran							0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										Tarantian		0.0117
		Chibanian										Ionian		0.129
		Chibanian					Castlecliffian					Ionian		0.34
		Calabrian					Castlecliffian							0.774
		Calabrian					Nukumaruan							1.63
		Gelasian					Nukumaruan						MN 17	1.8
		Gelasian					Mangapanian						MN 17	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Mangapanian						MN 16	2.58
							Waipipian						MN 16	3
													MN 15	3.2
		Zanclean												3.6
							Opoitian							3.7
													MN 14	4.2
													MN 13	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian				Taranaki	Kapitean							5.333
		Messinian					Tongaporutuan							7.2
		Tortonian											MN 12	7.246
													MN 11	7.75
													MN 10	8.7
													MN 9	9.7
						Southland	Waiauan						MN 9	11.04
													MN 7 + 8	11.1
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5										MN 7 + 8	11.63
													MN 6	12.8 *
							Lillburnian						MN 6	13.05
		Langhian					Lillburnian						MN 5	13.82
							Clifdenian							15.1
						Pareora	Altonian							15.9
		Burdigalian											MN 4	15.98
													MN 3	16.9
							Otaian						MN 3	18.7
													MN 2	20
		Aquitanian												20.44
						Landon	Waitakian							21.7
													MN 1	22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4											23.03
							Duntroonian							25.2
							Whaingaroan							27.3
		Rupelian												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3											33.9
						Arnold	Runangan							34.6
							Kaiatan							36.7
		Bartonian					Kaiatan							37.71
		Bartonian					Bortonian							39.1
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2				Bortonian							41.2
						Dannevirke	Porangan							42.6
							Heretaungan							45.7
		Ypresian					Heretaungan							47.8
							Mangaorapan							48.9
							Waipawan							52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1				Teurian							56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8			Mata	Haumurian							66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7				Haumurian							72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6				Piripauan							83.6
		Santonian				Raukumara	Teratan							86.1
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
							Mangaotanean							90.5
							Arowhanan							93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5	93.9			Arowhanan
				Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
					Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4		Motuan	100.5
					Urutawan	103.3
				Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3		Korangan	113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3			117.5
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2			121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2			125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1			132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6			Oteke	Puaroan	145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5			Oteke	Puaroan	149.2
						Kawhia	Ohauan	150
							Heterian	154.5
		Oxfordian						154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
		Callovian					Temaikan	164.3
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4					165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4					168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian						174.7
		Toarcian				Herangi	Ururoan	176
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2				Ururoan	184.2
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2				Aratauran	188.9
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1					192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4			Balfour	Otapirian	201.4
		Norian					Warepan	208.5
							Otamitan	217
							Oretian	221
		Carnian	Triassic 3				Oretian	227
		Carnian	Triassic 3			Gore	Kaihikuan	227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2				Kaihikuan	237
		Ladinian					Etalian	238
		Anisian					Etalian	242
		Anisian					Malakovian	246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1				Malakovian	247.2
		Olenekian					Nelsonian	249
		Induan					Nelsonian	251.2
		Induan				Kathwai	DUrville	Makarewan	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4			Kathwai			251.902
									252.4 *
						Chhidru			252.9 *
								Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian						Waiitian	254.14
								Puruhauan	254.2
						Kalabagh			255 *
						Wargal			256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Aparima	Flettian	259.51
		Wordian							264.28
									265.3 *
								Barettian	266
						Amb			266.1 *
		Roadian	Permian 3			Amb			266.9
		Roadian	Permian 3						270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2						273.01
		Kungurian						Mangapirian	276
		Artinskian						Mangapirian	283.5
								Telfordian	285
									288.5
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5						298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5						303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4						307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3						323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2						330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5		Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4		West Fallsian/Sonyean				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3		Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan				Cazenovian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3		Southwoodian				Cazenovian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2		Sawkillian/Deer Parkian				Helderbergian	393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1		407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1						433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5						443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5						445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3						458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2						467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2						470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1						477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5						Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Jiangshanian							Jiangshanian		489.5
		Paibian							Paibian		494
		Paibian							Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4						Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4						Drumian	Wangcunian †	500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3						Wuliuan/Taijangian		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3						Duyunian		509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2						Nangaoian		514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2						Meishucunian		521
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1						Meishucunian		529
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1						Jinnigian		530.7
														538.8