PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cambrian of China		Cretaceous Subepochs	Mesozoic Subages		European Faunal Units	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Carboniferous Subepochs	European Faunal Zones
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6							Wanganui	Haweran			0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
		Chibanian												0.129
		Chibanian									Castlecliffian			0.34
		Calabrian									Castlecliffian			0.774
		Calabrian									Nukumaruan			1.63
		Gelasian									Nukumaruan		MN 17	1.8
		Gelasian									Mangapanian		MN 17	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Villanyian		Mangapanian		MN 16	2.58
									Villanyian		Waipipian			3
									Ruscinian					3.1 *
													MN 15	3.2
		Zanclean												3.6
											Opoitian			3.7
													MN 14	4.2
													MN 13	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian							Turolian	Taranaki	Kapitean			5.333
		Messinian									Tongaporutuan			7.2
		Tortonian											MN 12	7.246
													MN 11	7.75
									Vallesian				MN 10	8.7
													MN 9	9.7
										Southland	Waiauan		MN 9	11.04
													MN 7 + 8	11.1
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5						Astaracian				MN 7 + 8	11.63
													MN 6	12.8 *
											Lillburnian		MN 6	13.05
		Langhian									Lillburnian		MN 5	13.82
											Clifdenian			15.1
										Pareora	Altonian			15.9
		Burdigalian							Orleanian				MN 4	15.98
													MN 3	16.9
											Otaian		MN 3	18.7
									Agenian				MN 2	20
		Aquitanian												20.44
										Landon	Waitakian			21.7
													MN 1	22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4											23.03
											Duntroonian			25.2
											Whaingaroan			27.3
		Rupelian												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3											33.9
										Arnold	Runangan			34.6
											Kaiatan			36.7
		Bartonian									Kaiatan			37.71
		Bartonian									Bortonian			39.1
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2								Bortonian			41.2
										Dannevirke	Porangan			42.6
											Heretaungan			45.7
		Ypresian									Heretaungan			47.8
											Mangaorapan			48.9
											Waipawan			52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1								Teurian			56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8			Senonian	Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian			Mata	Haumurian			66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7				Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian				Haumurian			72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6				Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian				Piripauan			83.6
		Santonian					Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian			Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
		Coniacian					Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian					Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian							89.8
											Mangaotanean			90.5
				Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5	Arowhanan	Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian		93.9
				Clarence			Ngaterian	95.2
							Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4		Gallic	Late Albian	Motuan	100.5
						Late Albian	Urutawan	103.3
						Middle Albian	Urutawan	106.2 *
				Taitai		Middle Albian	Korangan	108.4
						Early Albian		109.9 *
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3			Late Aptian		113
						Late Aptian		117.5
						Early Aptian		119.5 *
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2			Late Barremian/Early Barremian		121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2		Neocomian	Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian		125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1			Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian		132.6
		Berriasian				Late Berriasian		139.8
						Middle Berriasian		140.6 *
						Early Berriasian		142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6		Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian				145
		Tithonian	Jurassic 6		Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian				146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5		Late Kimmeridgian					149.2
		Kimmeridgian			Early Kimmeridgian					152.2 *
		Oxfordian			Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian				154.8
		Oxfordian				Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian				157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian					165.3
		Bajocian			Late Bajocian					168.2
		Bajocian			Early Bajocian					168.6 *
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Late Toarcian					174.7
					Middle Toarcian					180.4 *
					Early Toarcian					182.9 *
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian					184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian					192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4							201.4
		Norian			Sevatian					208.5
					Alaunian					213.2 *
					Lacian					216.7 *
		Carnian	Triassic 3		Tuvalian				227
		Carnian	Triassic 3		Julian				233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2		Longobardian				237
		Ladinian			Fassanian				239.7 *
		Anisian			Illyrian				242
					Pelsonian				243.8 *
					Bithynian				244.7 *
					Aegean				245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1		Spathian				247.2
		Olenekian			Smithian				248.9 *
		Induan			Dienerian				251.2
		Induan			Griesbachian				251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4						251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							259.51
		Wordian							264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2						273.01
		Artinskian							283.5
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5						Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5						Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4						Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4						Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3						Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2						Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1						Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3							382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3							387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2							393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1							407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1							410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1				433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5	Harju			Porkuni	443.8
		Katian					Pirgu	445.2
							Vormsi	449.6 *
							Nabala	Johvi †		450 *
				Viru			Rakvere			450.6 *
							Oandu			452 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4			Keila	Idavere †	453
						Haljala		453.9
						Kukruse		456.4 *
						Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3			Uhaku		458.4
						Lasnamagi		458.9 *
						Aseri		460.4 *
				Oeland		Kunda		462.9 *
						Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
						Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka		467.1 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2			Volkhov				467.3
		Dapingian				Billingen				469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian								470
							Latorp †			470.1 *
						Hunneberg				473.7 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1			Hunneberg				477.7
						Varangu				481.3 *
						Pakerort				482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5			Pakerort	Niuchehean			Taoyuanian †		485.4
												486.3 *
												486.5
		Jiangshanian					Jiangshanian					489.5
		Paibian					Paibian					494
		Paibian					Paibian			Waergangian †/Youshuanian		494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4				Guzhangian			Wangcunian †		497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4				Drumian			Wangcunian †		500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3				Wuliuan/Taijangian					504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3		Duyunian		509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2		Nangaoian		514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2		Meishucunian		521
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1		Meishucunian		529
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1		Jinnigian		530.7
														538.8