PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Ordovician of North America						Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Devonian of Eastern North America		Carboniferous Subepochs	Cambrian of North America		Silurian of the Baltic	Silurian of England		Ordovician of Britain
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6							Wanganui	Haweran												0
		Northgrippian																					0.0042
		Greenlandian																					0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																					0.0117
		Chibanian																					0.129
		Chibanian									Castlecliffian												0.34
		Calabrian									Castlecliffian												0.774
		Calabrian									Nukumaruan												1.63
		Gelasian									Nukumaruan												1.8
		Gelasian									Mangapanian												2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Mangapanian												2.58
		Piacenzian									Waipipian												3
		Zanclean									Waipipian												3.6
		Zanclean									Opoitian												3.7
	Miocene	Messinian								Taranaki	Kapitean												5.333
		Messinian									Tongaporutuan												7.2
		Tortonian									Tongaporutuan												7.246
		Tortonian								Southland	Waiauan												11.04
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5								Waiauan												11.63
		Serravallian									Lillburnian												13.05
		Langhian									Lillburnian												13.82
											Clifdenian												15.1
										Pareora	Altonian												15.9
		Burdigalian									Altonian												15.98
		Burdigalian									Otaian												18.7
		Aquitanian									Otaian												20.44
		Aquitanian								Landon	Waitakian												21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4								Waitakian												23.03
											Duntroonian												25.2
											Whaingaroan												27.3
		Rupelian																					27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3																				33.9
										Arnold	Runangan												34.6
											Kaiatan												36.7
		Bartonian									Kaiatan												37.71
		Bartonian									Bortonian												39.1
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2								Bortonian												41.2
										Dannevirke	Porangan												42.6
											Heretaungan												45.7
		Ypresian									Heretaungan												47.8
											Mangaorapan												48.9
											Waipawan												52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1								Teurian												56
		Selandian																					59.2
		Danian																					61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8							Mata	Haumurian												66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7								Haumurian												72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6								Piripauan												83.6
		Santonian								Raukumara	Teratan												86.1
		Coniacian																					86.3
		Turonian																					89.8
											Mangaotanean												90.5
											Arowhanan												93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5								Arowhanan												93.9
										Clarence	Ngaterian												95.2
											Motuan												99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4								Motuan												100.5
											Urutawan												103.3
										Taitai	Korangan												108.4
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3								Korangan												113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3																				117.5
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2																				121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2																				125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1																				132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6		145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5		149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4		165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4		168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3		174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2		184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1		192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4		201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4		208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1		247.2
		Induan			251.2
		Induan			Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4		Kathwai	Melekhovian	251.902
							252.4 *
					Chhidru		252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian			Chhidru		254.14
					Kalabagh		255 *
					Wargal		256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
		Wordian					264.28
						Noginskian	264.9 *
							265.3 *
					Amb		266.1 *
		Roadian	Permian 3		Amb		266.9
		Roadian	Permian 3				270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2				273.01
		Kungurian				Pavlovoposadian	276.8 *
		Artinskian				Pavlovoposadian	283.5
		Artinskian				Rusavkinian	287.6 *
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5				Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian				Dorogomilovian		303.7
						Khamovnikian		304.8
						Krevyakinian		305.8 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4			Myachkovian	Middle Pennsylvanian	307
						Podolskian		308.9 *
						Kashirian		311.4 *
						Vereian		313.8
						Melekessian		314.8
		Bashkirian				Melekessian	Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
						Cheremshanian		316.9 *
						Prikamian		318.6 *
						Severokeltmian		319.9 *
						Krasnopolyanian		321.2 *
						Voznesenian		321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3			Zapaltjubian	Late Mississippian	323.2
						Protvian		324.4 *
						Steshevian		326.8 *
						Tarusian		329 *
		Visean	Carboniferous 2			Venevian	Middle Mississippian	330.9
						Mikhailovian		331.9 *
						Aleksinian		333.7 *
						Tulian		335.8 *
						Bobrikian		339.9 *
						Radaevkian		343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1			Kosvian	Early Mississippian	346.7
				Kizelian		350.7 *
				Cherepetian		351.9 *
				Karakubian		354.4 *
				Upinian		356.3 *
				Malevkian		357.6 *
				Gumerovian		358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5			Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4			West Fallsian/Sonyean		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3			Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan		Cazenovian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3			Southwoodian		Cazenovian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2			Sawkillian/Deer Parkian		Helderbergian	393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1						407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2						Ohesaare	Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
									Ohesaare		Bringewood/Elton	421.3
									Kaugetuma		Bringewood/Elton	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							Kuressaare	Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
		Ludfordian							Paadla		Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423.4 *
		Gorstian										425.6
		Gorstian									Buildwas	426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian							Rootsikula		Buildwas	427.4
									Rootsikula	Wych	Woolhope	428.4 *
									Jaagarahu			429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian							Jaagarahu			430.5
		Sheinwoodian							Jaani			431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1						Jaani			433.4
									Adavere			434 *
												436.3 *
		Aeronian										438.5
										Cowleigh Park		439.3 *
									Raikkula			439.4 *
		Rhuddanian			440.8				Raikkula
		Rhuddanian			Juuru				441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5		Cincinnatian				Gamachian				Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian							Gamachian					Rawtheyan	445.2
									Richmondian					Rawtheyan	446 *
														Cautleyan	448.9 *
														Pusgillian	449.3 *
													Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
									Maysvillian							Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
									Edenian								450.4 *
					Mohawkian				Chatfieldian								451.1 *
														Cheneyan			451.5 *
														Burrellian			452.7 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4														453
															Actonian †		453.2 *
									Turinian						Actonian †		453.7 *
															Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †	454.2 *
															Longvillian †			455.2 *
														Aurelucian				456.8 *
					Whiterockian											Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
															Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3										Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn					458.4
		Darriwilian	Ordovician 3											Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					461.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2											Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					467.3
													Arenig	Fennian					468.4 *
									Rangerian										469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Ibexian				Blackhillsian									Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
									Blackhillsian					Whitlandian						471.1 *
									Tulean					Whitlandian						473.9 *
														Moridunian						474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1										Tremadoc	Migneintian						477.7
									Stairsian					Migneintian						480.3 *
									Stairsian					Cressagian						480.8 *
									Skullrockian					Cressagian					Demingian †	482 *
																			Demingian †	485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5																	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10																			Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian																			Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian																			Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian		494																	Steptoean
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4	Marjumian			Albertian †													497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4	Marjumian																500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3	Topazan																504.5
		Wuliuan		Delamaran																506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Delamaran		Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4		Dyeran			511 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2	Dyeran			514
				Montezuman			514.8 *
				Begadean			519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1				529
																							538.8