PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Ordovician of North America						Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Ordovician of Britain				Silurian Ages of Europe	North American Land Mammal Ages	Permian of North America		Cretaceous Subepochs	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Cambrian of Britain	Ordovician of China
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6													Saintaugustinean							0
		Meghalayan														Santarosean							0.0004
		Northgrippian																					0.0042
		Greenlandian																					0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																					0.0117
		Late Pleistocene														Rancholabrean							0.014
		Chibanian														Rancholabrean							0.129
		Chibanian														Irvingtonian							0.21
		Calabrian														Irvingtonian							0.774
		Calabrian														Blancan							1.4
		Gelasian																					1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																					2.58
		Zanclean																					3.6
		Zanclean														Hemphillian							4.7
	Miocene	Messinian																					5.333
		Tortonian																					7.246
		Tortonian														Clarendonian							9.4
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5													Clarendonian							11.63
		Serravallian														Barstovian							12.5
		Langhian																					13.82
		Burdigalian																					15.98
																Hemingfordian							16.3
																Arikareean							18.5
		Aquitanian																					20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4																				23.03
		Rupelian																					27.82
																Whitneyan							29.5
																Orellan							31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3													Chadronian							33.9
		Priabonian														Duchesnean							37
		Bartonian														Duchesnean							37.71
		Bartonian														Uintan							39.7
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2													Uintan							41.2
		Lutetian														Bridgerian							46.2
		Ypresian														Bridgerian							47.8
																Wasatchian							50.5
																Clarkforkian							54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1													Clarkforkian							56
		Thanetian														Tiffanian							56.2
		Selandian														Tiffanian							59.2
		Selandian														Torrejonian							60.9
		Danian														Torrejonian							61.6
		Danian														Puercan							63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8																Senonian				66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7																				72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6																				83.6
		Coniacian																					86.3
		Turonian																					89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5																				93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4																Gallic				100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3																				113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2																				121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2																Neocomian				125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1																				132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1																				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6																				145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5																				149.2
		Oxfordian																					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																					161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4																				165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4																				168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3																				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3																				174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2																				184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1	192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4	201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4	208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian		Wordian	264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3	Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2	Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
		Kungurian			Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian			Hessian	283.5
		Artinskian		Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
		Sakmarian			Lenoxian	290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1		Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5			Mapingian †	298.9
		Kasimovian				Mapingian †	303.7
		Kasimovian					305.9
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4				307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3				323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2				330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2				393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1				407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian					Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1					433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5					Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Ashgill	Hirnantian	Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian							Gamachian		Rawtheyan	Chientangkiangian			445.2
									Richmondian		Rawtheyan				446 *
											Cautleyan				448.9 *
											Pusgillian				449.3 *
											Pusgillian	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
										Caradoc	Streffordian				Onnian †	449.6 *
									Maysvillian							Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
									Edenian								450.4 *
								Mohawkian	Chatfieldian								451.1 *
											Cheneyan						451.5 *
											Burrellian						452.7 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4														453
															Actonian †		453.2 *
									Turinian						Actonian †		453.7 *
															Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †	454.2 *
															Longvillian †			455.2 *
											Aurelucian							456.8 *
								Whiterockian								Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
															Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3							Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn		Darriwilian		Guniu †/Hulo				458.4
											Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				Guniu †/Hulo				461.3 *
														Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo				466.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2										Dapingian						467.3
										Arenig	Fennian								468.4 *
									Rangerian										469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Ibexian	Blackhillsian				Jeffersonian †					Cassinian †	Yiyangian	470
									Blackhillsian		Whitlandian									471.1 *
									Tulean		Whitlandian									473.9 *
											Moridunian									474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1							Ungurian	Tremadoc								Migneintian	Xinchangian	477.7
															Lianghekou †						477.9 *
									Stairsian												480.3 *
									Stairsian										Cressagian		480.8 *
									Skullrockian									Demingian †	Cressagian		482 *
																		Demingian †			485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5												Batyrbaian	Merioneth		Dolgellian/Trempealeauan				485.4
																		Dolgellian/Trempealeauan				487.5
																		Festiniogian				489.2 *
		Jiangshanian																				489.5
				Aksaian	490.7 *
				Sakian	492.2 *
					Maentwrogian	493.1 *
		Paibian			Maentwrogian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4	Ayusokkanian	St Davids										497
		Guzhangian													499.5
		Drumian		Zhanaarykian											500.5
		Drumian		Tuesaian											503
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3	Tuesaian											504.5
		Wuliuan													505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4			Caerfai										509
				Toyonian											510 *
				Botomian											512.5 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2	Botomian											514
		Stage 3		Atdabanian											515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Tommotian											521
		Stage 2													525.5
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1												529
																							538.8