PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Ordovician of North America						Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Ordovician of Britain				Silurian Ages of Europe	North American Land Mammal Ages	Permian of North America		Cretaceous Subepochs	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Cambrian of Britain
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6																Saintaugustinean						0
		Meghalayan																	Santarosean						0.0004
		Northgrippian																							0.0042
		Greenlandian																							0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																							0.0117
		Late Pleistocene																	Rancholabrean						0.014
		Chibanian																	Rancholabrean						0.129
		Chibanian																	Irvingtonian						0.21
		Calabrian																	Irvingtonian						0.774
		Calabrian																	Blancan						1.4
		Gelasian																							1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																							2.58
		Zanclean																							3.6
		Zanclean																	Hemphillian						4.7
	Miocene	Messinian																							5.333
		Tortonian																							7.246
		Tortonian																	Clarendonian						9.4
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5																Clarendonian						11.63
		Serravallian																	Barstovian						12.5
		Langhian																							13.82
		Burdigalian																							15.98
																			Hemingfordian						16.3
																			Arikareean						18.5
		Aquitanian																							20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4																						23.03
		Rupelian																							27.82
																			Whitneyan						29.5
																			Orellan						31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3																Chadronian						33.9
		Priabonian																	Duchesnean						37
		Bartonian																	Duchesnean						37.71
		Bartonian																	Uintan						39.7
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2																Uintan						41.2
		Lutetian																	Bridgerian						46.2
		Ypresian																	Bridgerian						47.8
																			Wasatchian						50.5
																			Clarkforkian						54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1																Clarkforkian						56
		Thanetian																	Tiffanian						56.2
		Selandian																	Tiffanian						59.2
		Selandian																	Torrejonian						60.9
		Danian																	Torrejonian						61.6
		Danian																	Puercan						63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8																			Senonian			66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7																						72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6																						83.6
		Coniacian																							86.3
		Turonian																							89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5																						93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4																			Gallic			100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3																						113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2																						121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2																			Neocomian			125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1																						132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1																						139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6																						145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5																						149.2
		Oxfordian																							154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																							161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4																						165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4																						168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3																						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3																						174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2																						184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1	192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4	201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4	208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian		Wordian	264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3	Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2	Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
		Kungurian			Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian			Hessian	283.5
		Artinskian		Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
		Sakmarian			Lenoxian	290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1		Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5			Mapingian †	298.9
		Kasimovian				Mapingian †	303.7
		Kasimovian					305.9
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4				307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3				323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2				330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2				393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1				407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian					Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1					433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5					Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Kosovian	Ashgill	Hirnantian	Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian							Gamachian	Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †	Rawtheyan			Chientangkiangian	445.2
									Richmondian				Rawtheyan				446 *
													Cautleyan				448.9 *
													Pusgillian				449.3 *
													Pusgillian		Neichianshanian/Hanjiang		449.5
											Caradoc		Streffordian				Onnian †	449.6 *
										Berounian								449.7 *
									Maysvillian									Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
									Edenian										450.4 *
								Mohawkian	Chatfieldian										451.1 *
													Cheneyan						451.5 *
													Burrellian						452.7 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4																453
																	Actonian †		453.2 *
									Turinian								Actonian †		453.7 *
																	Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †	454.2 *
																	Longvillian †			455.2 *
																				Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
													Aurelucian									456.8 *
								Whiterockian										Canadian †				Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
																	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian						457.4 *
												Liben †					Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian						458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3								Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn		Darriwilian		Guniu †/Hulo						458.4
										Dobrotivian													458.5 *
										Oretanian													459.7 *
													Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn										461.3 *
												Sarka †											461.7 *
												Sarka †				Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo						466.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2									Klabava †			Dapingian								467.3
										Arenigian													468
											Arenig		Fennian										468.4 *
									Rangerian														469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Ibexian	Blackhillsian						Jeffersonian †							Cassinian †	Yiyangian	470
									Blackhillsian				Whitlandian											471.1 *
									Tulean				Whitlandian											473.9 *
													Moridunian											474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1							Tremadocian		Tremadoc	Migneintian										Xinchangian	477.7
																	Lianghekou †							477.9 *
									Stairsian															480.3 *
				Cressagian	480.8 *				Stairsian
				Cressagian	Skullrockian				Demingian †				482 *
									Demingian †			485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5												Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan							485.4
																Dolgellian/Trempealeauan							487.5
																Festiniogian							489.2 *
		Jiangshanian														Festiniogian							489.5
		Jiangshanian														Maentwrogian							493.1 *
		Paibian														Maentwrogian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4												St Davids								497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4																				500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3																				504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3												Caerfai								509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2																				514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2																				521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1																				529
																									538.8