PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Ordovician of North America						Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Ordovician of China			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Permian of China	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Cenozoic Subepochs	Mammal Paleogene Zones
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6											Wanganui	Haweran									0
		Northgrippian																						0.0042
		Greenlandian																						0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																			Late Pleistocene			0.0117
		Chibanian																			Middle Pleistocene			0.129
		Chibanian													Castlecliffian						Middle Pleistocene			0.34
		Calabrian													Castlecliffian						Early Pleistocene			0.774
		Calabrian													Nukumaruan									1.63
		Gelasian													Nukumaruan									1.8
		Gelasian													Mangapanian									2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian													Mangapanian						Late Pliocene			2.58
		Piacenzian													Waipipian						Late Pliocene			3
		Zanclean													Waipipian						Early Pliocene			3.6
		Zanclean													Opoitian						Early Pliocene			3.7
	Miocene	Messinian												Taranaki	Kapitean						Late Miocene			5.333
		Messinian													Tongaporutuan									7.2
		Tortonian													Tongaporutuan									7.246
		Tortonian												Southland	Waiauan									11.04
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5												Waiauan						Middle Miocene			11.63
		Serravallian													Lillburnian									13.05
		Langhian													Lillburnian									13.82
															Clifdenian									15.1
														Pareora	Altonian									15.9
		Burdigalian													Altonian						Early Miocene			15.98
		Burdigalian													Otaian									18.7
		Aquitanian													Otaian									20.44
		Aquitanian												Landon	Waitakian									21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4												Waitakian				Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	Late Oligocene	MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25	23.03
															Duntroonian									25.2
															Whaingaroan									27.3
		Rupelian																	Kekeamuan		Early Oligocene	MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3																Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		Late Eocene	MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A		33.9
														Arnold	Runangan									34.6
															Kaiatan									36.7
		Bartonian													Kaiatan				Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		Middle Eocene	MP 16		37.71
		Bartonian													Bortonian							MP 16		39.1
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2												Bortonian							MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11		41.2
														Dannevirke	Porangan									42.6
															Heretaungan									45.7
		Ypresian													Heretaungan					Bumbanian	Early Eocene	MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7		47.8
															Mangaorapan									48.9
															Waipawan									52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1												Teurian				Gashatan		Late Paleocene	MP 6	MP 1 - 5	56
		Selandian																			Middle Paleocene			59.2
		Danian																			Early Paleocene			61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8											Mata	Haumurian									66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7												Haumurian									72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6												Piripauan									83.6
		Santonian												Raukumara	Teratan									86.1
		Coniacian																						86.3
		Turonian																						89.8
															Mangaotanean									90.5
															Arowhanan									93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5												Arowhanan									93.9
														Clarence	Ngaterian									95.2
															Motuan									99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4												Motuan									100.5
															Urutawan									103.3
														Taitai	Korangan									108.4
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3												Korangan									113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3																					117.5
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2																					121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2																					125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1																					132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6		145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5		149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4		165.3
		Bajocian			Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites	168.2
		Bajocian				Humphresianum	168.4
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3		Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense	174.7
					Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons		180.1
					Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum		182
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2		Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni		184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1		Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi		192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1		Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4				201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4				208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4				Meishanian	251.902
		Changhsingian					Baoqingian	253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian					Laoshanian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian					Laibinian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Lengwuan	259.51
		Wordian					Kuhfengian	264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3				Kuhfengian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2				Luodianian	273.01
		Artinskian					Luodianian	283.5
		Artinskian					Longlinian	285.4 *
		Sakmarian					Longlinian	290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1				Zisongian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5				Zisongian	Mapingian †	298.9
		Gzhelian							300.1
		Kasimovian							303.7
		Kasimovian							305.9
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4						307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3						323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2						330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2						393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1						407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1						433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5						Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	Kosovian		443.8
		Katian								Gamachian	Chientangkiangian			Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †	445.2
										Richmondian	Chientangkiangian				446 *
											Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				449.5
														Berounian	449.7 *
										Maysvillian					Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian		449.8 *
										Edenian							450.4 *
				Mohawkian					Chatfieldian	451.1 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4						Chatfieldian	453
									Turinian	453.7 *
									Turinian	Zahorany †/Vinice							Letna †	456.2 *
				Whiterockian						Zahorany †/Vinice					Canadian †			Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
										Liben †									458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3								Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo							458.4
														Dobrotivian					458.5 *
														Oretanian					459.7 *
						Sarka †											461.7 *
						Sarka †						Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo				466.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2			Dapingian					Klabava †						467.3
														Arenigian			468
									Rangerian								469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Ibexian	Blackhillsian	Jeffersonian †			Cassinian †								Yiyangian	470
		Floian			Tulean												Yiyangian	473.9 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1								Xinchangian			Tremadocian				477.7
													Lianghekou †					477.9 *
					Stairsian													480.3 *
					Skullrockian				Demingian †									482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5		Skullrockian													485.4
		Stage 10																487.5
		Jiangshanian																489.5
		Paibian																494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4															497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4															500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3															504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3															509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2															514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2															521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1															529
																								538.8