PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Ordovician of China			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Carboniferous Subepochs	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6				Wanganui	Haweran				0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
		Chibanian										0.129
		Chibanian						Castlecliffian				0.34
		Calabrian						Castlecliffian				0.774
		Calabrian						Nukumaruan				1.63
		Gelasian						Nukumaruan				1.8
		Gelasian						Mangapanian				2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Mangapanian				2.58
		Piacenzian						Waipipian				3
		Zanclean						Waipipian				3.6
		Zanclean						Opoitian				3.7
	Miocene	Messinian					Taranaki	Kapitean				5.333
		Messinian						Tongaporutuan				7.2
		Tortonian						Tongaporutuan				7.246
		Tortonian					Southland	Waiauan				11.04
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5					Waiauan				11.63
		Serravallian						Lillburnian				13.05
		Langhian						Lillburnian				13.82
								Clifdenian				15.1
							Pareora	Altonian				15.9
		Burdigalian						Altonian				15.98
		Burdigalian						Otaian				18.7
		Aquitanian						Otaian				20.44
		Aquitanian					Landon	Waitakian				21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4					Waitakian		Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	23.03
								Duntroonian				25.2
								Whaingaroan				27.3
		Rupelian								Kekeamuan		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3							Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		33.9
							Arnold	Runangan				34.6
								Kaiatan				36.7
		Bartonian						Kaiatan		Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		37.71
		Bartonian						Bortonian				39.1
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2					Bortonian				41.2
							Dannevirke	Porangan				42.6
								Heretaungan				45.7
		Ypresian						Heretaungan			Bumbanian	47.8
								Mangaorapan				48.9
								Waipawan				52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1					Teurian		Gashatan		56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8				Mata	Haumurian				66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7					Haumurian				72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6					Piripauan				83.6
		Santonian					Raukumara	Teratan				86.1
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
								Mangaotanean				90.5
								Arowhanan				93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5					Arowhanan				93.9
							Clarence	Ngaterian				95.2
								Motuan				99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4					Motuan				100.5
								Urutawan				103.3
							Taitai	Korangan				108.4
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3					Korangan				113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3									117.5
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2									121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2									125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1									132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6		145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5		149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4		165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4		168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3		174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2		184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1		192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4		201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4		208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2		273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5		Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5		Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4		Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4		Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3		Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2		Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1		Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2			393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1			407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1			433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5			Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou		Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian				Chientangkiangian			Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian				Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				449.5
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4			Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3			Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo			458.4
		Darriwilian	Ordovician 3			Darriwilian	Hunjiang †		Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2			Dapingian				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2			Yiyangian				470
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1			Xinchangian				477.7
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1			Xinchangian			Lianghekou †	477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5						485.4
		Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4						497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4						500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3	509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1	529
												538.8