PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Ordovician of China			Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of Australia	Cretaceous Subepochs	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Cambrian of West Avalonia	Cambrian of Britain
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6											0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Late Pleistocene							0.0117
		Chibanian					Middle Pleistocene							0.129
		Calabrian					Early Pleistocene							0.774
		Gelasian					Early Pleistocene							1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Late Pliocene							2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean					Early Pliocene							3.6
	Miocene	Messinian					Late Miocene							5.333
		Tortonian					Late Miocene							7.246
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5				Middle Miocene							11.63
		Langhian					Middle Miocene							13.82
		Burdigalian					Early Miocene							15.98
		Aquitanian					Early Miocene							20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4				Late Oligocene							23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4				Early Oligocene							27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3				Late Eocene							33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3				Middle Eocene							37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2				Middle Eocene							41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2				Early Eocene							47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1				Late Paleocene							56
		Selandian					Middle Paleocene							59.2
		Danian					Early Paleocene							61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8						Senonian					66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7											72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6											83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4						Gallic					100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3											113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2											121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2						Neocomian					125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1											132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6							Oteke	Puaroan			145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5							Oteke	Puaroan			149.2
										Kawhia	Ohauan			150
											Heterian			154.5
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Callovian									Temaikan			164.3
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4											165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4											168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Toarcian								Herangi	Ururoan			176
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2								Ururoan			184.2
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2								Aratauran			188.9
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1											192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4							Balfour	Otapirian			201.4
		Norian									Warepan			208.5
											Otamitan			217
											Oretian			221
		Carnian	Triassic 3								Oretian			227
		Carnian	Triassic 3							Gore	Kaihikuan			227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2								Kaihikuan			237
		Ladinian									Etalian			238
		Anisian									Etalian			242
		Anisian									Malakovian			246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1								Malakovian			247.2
		Olenekian									Nelsonian			249
		Induan		251.2							Nelsonian
		Induan		DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4		Makarewan	251.902
		Changhsingian			Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian			Waiitian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Puruhauan	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Aparima	Flettian	259.51
		Wordian			Flettian	264.28
		Wordian			Barettian	266
		Roadian	Permian 3			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2			273.01
		Kungurian			Mangapirian	276
		Artinskian			Mangapirian	283.5
					Telfordian	285
						288.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5			298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5			303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4			307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3			323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2			330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2			393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1			407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1			433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5			Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian				Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian				Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4			Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3			Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
		Darriwilian	Ordovician 3			Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2			Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2			Yiyangian			470
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1			Xinchangian			477.7
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1			Xinchangian		Lianghekou †	477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5						Datsonian	Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
									Payntonian		Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	486.8 *
									Payntonian		Festiniogian	489.2 *
		Jiangshanian							Iverian		Festiniogian	489.5
		Jiangshanian							Iverian		Maentwrogian	493.1 *
		Paibian							Idamean		Maentwrogian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4						Mindyallan	St Davids		497
									Mindyallan			Arcadian	498.4
									Boomerangian				499
		Drumian							Undillan				500.5
		Drumian							Floran				503
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3						Templetonian				504.5
		Wuliuan							Ordian				507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4							Ordian	Branchian		Caerfai	509
		Stage 4											510.8 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2										514
		Stage 3								Placentian			517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1										529
														538.8