PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Ordovician of China			Cambrian of West Avalonia	Silurian Ages of Europe	Central Paratethys Stages	North American Land Mammal Ages	Cambrian of North America	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6							Saintaugustinean				0
		Meghalayan								Santarosean				0.0004
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
		Late Pleistocene								Rancholabrean				0.014
		Chibanian								Rancholabrean				0.129
		Chibanian								Irvingtonian				0.21
		Calabrian								Irvingtonian				0.774
		Calabrian								Blancan				1.4
		Gelasian												1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												2.58
		Zanclean												3.6
		Zanclean								Hemphillian				4.7
	Miocene	Messinian												5.333
		Tortonian							Pannonian					7.246
		Tortonian							Pannonian	Clarendonian				9.4
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5						Sarmatian	Clarendonian				11.63
									Sarmatian	Barstovian				12.5
									Badenian					12.8 *
		Langhian												13.82
		Burdigalian												15.98
										Hemingfordian				16.3
										Arikareean				18.5
		Aquitanian												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4									Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	23.03
		Rupelian										Kekeamuan		27.82
										Whitneyan				29.5
										Orellan				31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3							Chadronian		Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		33.9
		Priabonian								Duchesnean		Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		37
		Bartonian								Duchesnean		Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		37.71
		Bartonian								Uintan				39.7
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2							Uintan				41.2
		Lutetian								Bridgerian				46.2
		Ypresian								Bridgerian			Bumbanian	47.8
										Wasatchian				50.5
										Clarkforkian				54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1							Clarkforkian		Gashatan		56
		Thanetian								Tiffanian		Gashatan		56.2
		Selandian								Tiffanian				59.2
		Selandian								Torrejonian				60.9
		Danian								Torrejonian				61.6
		Danian								Puercan				63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8											66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7											72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6											83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4											100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3											113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2											121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2											125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1											132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6											145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5											149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4											165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4											168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3											174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2	184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1	192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4	201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4	208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
		Wordian		264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2	273.01
		Artinskian		283.5
		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5	298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5	303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4	307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2	330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2	393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1	407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2	419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian		Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1		433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5		Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian			Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian			Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4		Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3		Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
		Darriwilian	Ordovician 3		Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2		Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2		Yiyangian			470
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1		Xinchangian			477.7
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1		Xinchangian		Lianghekou †	477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5					Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10							Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian							Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian							Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian							Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4					Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Guzhangian								Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian									500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3					Topazan			504.5
		Wuliuan						Delamaran			506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						Delamaran	Branchian	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4						Dyeran			511 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2					Dyeran			514
								Montezuman			514.8 *
								Montezuman	Placentian		517.1
								Begadean			519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1								529
														538.8