PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Ordovician of China			Cambrian of Siberia			Carboniferous Subepochs	Ordovician of Britain				Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Mesozoic Subages		European Faunal Zones	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Ordovician of the Baltic
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6																		0
		Northgrippian																			0.0042
		Greenlandian																			0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																	Nihewanian		0.0117
		Chibanian																			0.129
		Calabrian																			0.774
		Gelasian																MN 17			1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																MN 16	Yushean		2.58
		Piacenzian																MN 15			3.2
		Zanclean																MN 15			3.6
																		MN 14			4.2
																		MN 13	Baodean		4.9
	Miocene	Messinian																MN 13			5.333
		Tortonian																MN 12			7.246
																		MN 11			7.75
																		MN 10			8.7
																		MN 9			9.7
																		MN 7 + 8	Tunggurian		11.1
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5															MN 7 + 8			11.63
		Serravallian																MN 6			12.8 *
		Langhian																MN 5	Shanwangian		13.82
		Burdigalian																MN 4	Shanwangian		15.98
																		MN 3	Xiejiaan		16.9
																		MN 2			20
		Aquitanian																MN 2			20.44
		Aquitanian																MN 1			22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4																		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4																		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3																		33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3																		37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2																		41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2																		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1																		56
		Selandian																			59.2
		Danian																			61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8													Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian					66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7													Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian					72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6													Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian					83.6
		Coniacian														Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian					86.3
		Turonian														Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian					89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5													Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian					93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4													Late Albian					100.5
																Middle Albian					106.2 *
																Early Albian					109.9 *
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3													Late Aptian					113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3													Early Aptian					119.5 *
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2													Late Barremian/Early Barremian					121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2													Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian					125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1													Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian					132.6
		Berriasian														Late Berriasian					139.8
																Middle Berriasian					140.6 *
																Early Berriasian					142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6													Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian				145
		Tithonian	Jurassic 6													Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian				146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5													Late Kimmeridgian					149.2
		Kimmeridgian														Early Kimmeridgian					152.2 *
		Oxfordian														Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian				154.8
		Oxfordian															Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian				157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4													Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian					165.3
		Bajocian														Late Bajocian					168.2
		Bajocian														Early Bajocian					168.6 *
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3													Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														Late Toarcian					174.7
				Middle Toarcian	180.4 *
				Early Toarcian	182.9 *
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian	184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1	Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian	192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1	Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4		201.4
		Norian		Sevatian	208.5
				Alaunian	213.2 *
				Lacian	216.7 *
		Carnian	Triassic 3	Tuvalian	227
		Carnian	Triassic 3	Julian	233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2	Longobardian	237
		Ladinian		Fassanian	239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian	242
				Pelsonian	243.8 *
				Bithynian	244.7 *
				Aegean	245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	Spathian	247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian	248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian	251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian	251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4	Melekhovian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
		Wordian				264.28
		Wordian		Noginskian		264.9 *
		Roadian	Permian 3			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2			273.01
		Kungurian		Pavlovoposadian		276.8 *
		Artinskian		Pavlovoposadian		283.5
		Artinskian		Rusavkinian		287.6 *
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5			Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian		Dorogomilovian			303.7
				Khamovnikian			304.8
				Krevyakinian			305.8 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4	Middle Pennsylvanian		Myachkovian	307
						Podolskian	308.9 *
						Kashirian	311.4 *
						Vereian	313.8
						Melekessian	314.8
		Bashkirian		Early Pennsylvanian		Melekessian	315.2
						Cheremshanian	316.9 *
						Prikamian	318.6 *
						Severokeltmian	319.9 *
						Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
						Voznesenian	321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	Late Mississippian		Zapaltjubian	323.2
						Protvian	324.4 *
						Steshevian	326.8 *
						Tarusian	329 *
		Visean	Carboniferous 2	Middle Mississippian		Venevian	330.9
						Mikhailovian	331.9 *
						Aleksinian	333.7 *
						Tulian	335.8 *
						Bobrikian	339.9 *
						Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	Early Mississippian		Kosvian	346.7
						Kizelian	350.7 *
						Cherepetian	351.9 *
						Karakubian	354.4 *
						Upinian	356.3 *
						Malevkian	357.6 *
						Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2				393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1				407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1				433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5				Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	Ashgill	Hirnantian	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian					Chientangkiangian				Rawtheyan		Pirgu	445.2
											Cautleyan			448.9 *
											Pusgillian			449.3 *
							Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				Pusgillian			449.5
					Caradoc					Streffordian	Onnian †		Vormsi	449.6 *
													Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
												Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
										Cheneyan			Rakvere		451.5 *
										Cheneyan			Oandu		452 *
										Burrellian			Oandu		452.7 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4										Keila	Idavere †	453
											Actonian †		Keila		453.2 *
											Actonian †		Haljala		453.9
											Marshbrookian †				Woolstonian †	454.2 *
											Longvillian †					455.2 *
													Kukruse			456.4 *
										Aurelucian						456.8 *
											Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian					457.4 *
											Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		Uhaku	Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3		Darriwilian		Guniu †/Hulo	Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			Uhaku			458.4
													Lasnamagi			458.9 *
													Aseri			460.4 *
										Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			Aseri			461.3 *
												Oeland	Kunda			462.9 *
														Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
							Hunjiang †		Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo							466.3 *
													Volkhov			Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2		Dapingian												467.3
								Arenig		Fennian							468.4 *
													Billingen				469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Yiyangian												470
														Latorp †			470.1 *
										Whitlandian							471.1 *
										Whitlandian			Hunneberg				473.7 *
										Moridunian							474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1		Xinchangian			Tremadoc		Migneintian							477.7
									Lianghekou †	Migneintian							477.9 *
										Cressagian							480.8 *
													Varangu				481.3 *
													Pakerort				482.2 *
																	Mansian †	483.55 *
																	Mansian †	485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5											Batyrbaian			Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian		485.4
																				486.3 *
																				486.5
		Jiangshanian																		489.5
														Aksaian						490.7 *
														Sakian						492.2 *
		Paibian		494
		Paibian		Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4	Ayusokkanian													497
		Guzhangian		Mayan/Menevian													499.5
		Drumian		Mayan/Menevian													500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3	Amgan/Solvan													504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Amgan/Solvan													509
				Toyonian		Lenian †											510 *
				Botomian													512.5 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2	Botomian													514
		Stage 3		Atdabanian													515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Tommotian													521
		Stage 2		Nemakit-Daldynian													525.5
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1	Nemakit-Daldynian		Manykaian †											529
																					538.8