PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Ordovician of China			Devonian of Eastern North America		Cretaceous Subepochs	Cenozoic Subepochs	Ordovician of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6													0
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								Late Pleistocene						0.0117
		Chibanian								Middle Pleistocene						0.129
		Calabrian								Early Pleistocene						0.774
		Gelasian								Early Pleistocene						1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Late Pliocene						2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean								Early Pliocene						3.6
	Miocene	Messinian								Late Miocene						5.333
		Tortonian								Late Miocene						7.246
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5							Middle Miocene						11.63
		Langhian								Middle Miocene						13.82
		Burdigalian								Early Miocene						15.98
		Aquitanian								Early Miocene						20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4							Late Oligocene						23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4							Early Oligocene						27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3							Late Eocene						33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3							Middle Eocene						37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2							Middle Eocene						41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2							Early Eocene						47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1							Late Paleocene						56
		Selandian								Middle Paleocene						59.2
		Danian								Early Paleocene						61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8						Senonian							66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7													72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6													83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4						Gallic							100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3													113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2													121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2						Neocomian							125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1													132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6													145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5													149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4													165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4													168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3													174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2													184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1													192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4													201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4													208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3													227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2													237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2													242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1													247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1													251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4													251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian														254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian														259.51
		Wordian														264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3													266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2													273.01
		Artinskian														283.5
		Sakmarian														290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1													293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5													298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5	303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4	307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2	330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5	Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4	West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3	Southwoodian	Cazenovian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1			407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1			433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5			Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †			Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian				Chientangkiangian						Gamachian	445.2
						Chientangkiangian						Richmondian	446 *
						Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				449.5		Richmondian
										Maysvillian		Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
										Edenian			450.4 *
										Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		451.1 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4								Chatfieldian		453
											Turinian		453.7 *
										Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3			Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo							458.4
		Darriwilian	Ordovician 3			Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo						466.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2			Dapingian								467.3
		Dapingian				Dapingian					Rangerian			469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Yiyangian				Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian				Yiyangian			Tulean		473.9 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1			Xinchangian					477.7
								Lianghekou †			477.9 *
									Stairsian		480.3 *
									Skullrockian		Demingian †			482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5						Skullrockian					485.4
		Stage 10												487.5
		Jiangshanian												489.5
		Paibian												494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4											497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4											500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3											504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3											509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2											514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1											529
																538.8