PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Ordovician of China			Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Cambrian of China		Cambrian of North America		Central Paratethys Stages	Silurian Ages of Europe
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6													0
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
		Chibanian														0.129
		Calabrian														0.774
		Gelasian														1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian														2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean														3.6
	Miocene	Messinian														5.333
		Tortonian												Pannonian		7.246
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5											Sarmatian		11.63
		Serravallian												Badenian		12.8 *
		Langhian														13.82
		Burdigalian														15.98
		Aquitanian														20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4													23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3													33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3													37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2													41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2													47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1													56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8													66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7													72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6													83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4													100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3													113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2													121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2													125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1													132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6													145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5													149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4													165.3
		Bajocian					Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites									168.2
		Bajocian						Humphresianum								168.4
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3				Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense								174.7
							Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons									180.1
							Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum									182
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2				Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni									184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1				Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi									192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1				Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4													201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4													208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3													227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2													237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2													242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1													247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1													251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4													251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian														254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian														259.51
		Wordian														264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3													266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2													273.01
		Artinskian		283.5
		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5	298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5	303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4	307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2	330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3	Srbsko	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3	Chotec	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2	Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1	Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1	Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian			Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1			433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5			Hirnantian			Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	Bolindian	443.8
		Katian				Chientangkiangian					Bolindian	445.2
						Chientangkiangian					Eastonian	449 *
						Neichianshanian/Hanjiang					Eastonian	449.5
											Gisbornian	452 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4								Gisbornian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3			Darriwilian			Guniu †/Hulo		Darriwilian	458.4
		Darriwilian	Ordovician 3			Darriwilian			Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	Darriwilian	466.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2			Dapingian					Yapeenian	467.3
		Dapingian				Dapingian					Castlemainian	468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Yiyangian					Chewtonian	470
											Bendigonian	471.8 *
											Lancefieldian	473.5 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1			Xinchangian						477.7
										Lianghekou †		477.9 *
										Lianghekou †	Warendian	482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5								Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10									Niuchehean			Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian									Jiangshanian			Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian									Jiangshanian			Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian						Paibian			494
		Paibian						Paibian			Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4					Guzhangian			Wangcunian †	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4					Drumian			Wangcunian †	Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3					Wuliuan/Taijangian				Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan					Delamaran	Wuliuan/Taijangian				506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Delamaran	Duyunian				Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4					Dyeran	Duyunian					511 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2				Dyeran	Nangaoian					514
							Montezuman						514.8 *
							Begadean						519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						Meishucunian					521
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1					Meishucunian					529
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1					Jinnigian					530.7
																538.8