PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Ordovician of Australia	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Central Paratethys Stages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6						Wanganui	Haweran		0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						Nihewanian				0.0117
		Chibanian										0.129
		Chibanian								Castlecliffian		0.34
		Calabrian								Castlecliffian		0.774
		Calabrian								Nukumaruan		1.63
		Gelasian								Nukumaruan		1.8
		Gelasian								Mangapanian		2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Tertiary †			Yushean		Mangapanian		2.58
		Piacenzian								Waipipian		3
		Zanclean								Waipipian		3.6
										Opoitian		3.7
								Baodean		Opoitian		4.9
	Miocene	Messinian							Taranaki	Kapitean		5.333
		Messinian								Tongaporutuan		7.2
		Tortonian								Tongaporutuan	Pannonian	7.246
									Southland	Waiauan		11.04
								Tunggurian				11.1
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5								Sarmatian	11.63
											Badenian	12.8 *
										Lillburnian	Badenian	13.05
		Langhian						Shanwangian		Lillburnian		13.82
										Clifdenian		15.1
									Pareora	Altonian		15.9
		Burdigalian										15.98
								Xiejiaan				16.9
										Otaian		18.7
		Aquitanian								Otaian		20.44
		Aquitanian							Landon	Waitakian		21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4							Waitakian		23.03
										Duntroonian		25.2
										Whaingaroan		27.3
		Rupelian										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3									33.9
									Arnold	Runangan		34.6
										Kaiatan		36.7
		Bartonian								Kaiatan		37.71
		Bartonian								Bortonian		39.1
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2							Bortonian		41.2
									Dannevirke	Porangan		42.6
										Heretaungan		45.7
		Ypresian								Heretaungan		47.8
										Mangaorapan		48.9
										Waipawan		52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1							Teurian		56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8						Mata	Haumurian		66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7							Haumurian		72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6							Piripauan		83.6
		Santonian							Raukumara	Teratan		86.1
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
										Mangaotanean		90.5
										Arowhanan		93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5							Arowhanan		93.9
									Clarence	Ngaterian		95.2
										Motuan		99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4							Motuan		100.5
										Urutawan		103.3
									Taitai	Korangan		108.4
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3							Korangan		113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3			117.5
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2			121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2			125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1			132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6				145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5				149.2
		Oxfordian					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4				165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4				168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3				174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2				184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1				192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4				201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4				208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							259.51
		Wordian							264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2						273.01
		Artinskian							283.5
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5					Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5					Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4					Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4					Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3					Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2					Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1					Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2						393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1						407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1		433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5		Bolindian				443.8
		Katian			Bolindian				445.2
					Eastonian				449 *
					Gisbornian				452 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4		Gisbornian				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3		Darriwilian				458.4
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2		Yapeenian				467.3
		Dapingian			Castlemainian				468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Chewtonian				470
					Bendigonian				471.8 *
				Lancefieldian	473.5 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Lancefieldian	477.7
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Warendian	482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5		485.4
		Jiangshanian			489.5
		Paibian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4		Series 3 †	497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4			500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3			Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3				509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2				514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2				521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1				529
												538.8