PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Ordovician of Australia	Carboniferous Subepochs	Silurian of the Baltic	Central Paratethys Stages	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Silurian Ages of Europe	Permian of North America	Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6					Wanganui	Haweran				0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										Tarantian	0.0117
		Chibanian										Ionian	0.129
		Chibanian							Castlecliffian			Ionian	0.34
		Calabrian							Castlecliffian				0.774
		Calabrian							Nukumaruan				1.63
		Gelasian							Nukumaruan				1.8
		Gelasian							Mangapanian				2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Mangapanian				2.58
		Piacenzian							Waipipian				3
		Zanclean							Waipipian				3.6
		Zanclean							Opoitian				3.7
	Miocene	Messinian						Taranaki	Kapitean				5.333
		Messinian							Tongaporutuan				7.2
		Tortonian					Pannonian		Tongaporutuan				7.246
		Tortonian					Pannonian	Southland	Waiauan				11.04
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5				Sarmatian						11.63
							Badenian						12.8 *
							Badenian		Lillburnian				13.05
		Langhian							Lillburnian				13.82
									Clifdenian				15.1
								Pareora	Altonian				15.9
		Burdigalian							Altonian				15.98
		Burdigalian							Otaian				18.7
		Aquitanian							Otaian				20.44
		Aquitanian						Landon	Waitakian				21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4						Waitakian				23.03
									Duntroonian				25.2
									Whaingaroan				27.3
		Rupelian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3										33.9
								Arnold	Runangan				34.6
									Kaiatan				36.7
		Bartonian							Kaiatan				37.71
		Bartonian							Bortonian				39.1
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2						Bortonian				41.2
								Dannevirke	Porangan				42.6
									Heretaungan				45.7
		Ypresian							Heretaungan				47.8
									Mangaorapan				48.9
									Waipawan				52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1						Teurian				56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8					Mata	Haumurian				66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7						Haumurian				72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6						Piripauan				83.6
		Santonian						Raukumara	Teratan				86.1
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
									Mangaotanean				90.5
									Arowhanan				93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5						Arowhanan				93.9
								Clarence	Ngaterian				95.2
									Motuan				99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4						Motuan				100.5
									Urutawan				103.3
								Taitai	Korangan				108.4
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3						Korangan				113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3										117.5
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2										121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2										125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1	132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6		145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5		149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4		165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4		168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3		174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2		184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1		192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4		201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4		208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian			Wordian	264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3		Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2		Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
		Kungurian				Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian				Hessian	283.5
		Artinskian			Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
		Sakmarian				Lenoxian	290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1			Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5		Late Pennsylvanian			298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5		Late Pennsylvanian			303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4		Middle Pennsylvanian			307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4		Early Pennsylvanian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3		Late Mississippian			323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2		Middle Mississippian			330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1		Early Mississippian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2					393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1					407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2					Ohesaare		419.2
	Pridoli							Kaugetuma		421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						Kuressaare		423
		Ludfordian						Paadla		423.4 *
		Gorstian						Paadla		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						Rootsikula		Gleedonian	427.4
								Jaagarahu		Gleedonian	429.2 *
										Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian									430.5
		Sheinwoodian						Jaani			431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1					Jaani			433.4
		Telychian						Adavere			434 *
		Aeronian						Adavere			438.5
		Aeronian						Raikkula			439.4 *
		Rhuddanian						Raikkula			440.8
		Rhuddanian						Juuru			441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5					Bolindian			443.8
		Katian						Bolindian			445.2
								Eastonian			449 *
								Gisbornian			452 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4					Gisbornian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3	Darriwilian				458.4
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2	Yapeenian				467.3
		Dapingian		Castlemainian				468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Chewtonian				470
				Bendigonian				471.8 *
				Lancefieldian				473.5 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Lancefieldian				477.7
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Warendian				482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5					485.4
		Jiangshanian						489.5
		Paibian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4					497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4					500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3					504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3					509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2					514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2					521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1					529
													538.8