PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				North American Land Mammal Ages	Cambrian of North America		Silurian of the Baltic	Carboniferous of China	Cambrian of Britain		European Faunal Units	European Faunal Zones
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6					Saintaugustinean									0
		Meghalayan						Santarosean									0.0004
		Northgrippian															0.0042
		Greenlandian															0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene															0.0117
		Late Pleistocene						Rancholabrean									0.014
		Chibanian						Rancholabrean									0.129
		Chibanian						Irvingtonian									0.21
		Calabrian						Irvingtonian									0.774
		Calabrian						Blancan									1.4
		Gelasian														MN 17	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian													Villanyian	MN 16	2.58
															Ruscinian	MN 16	3.1 *
																MN 15	3.2
		Zanclean														MN 15	3.6
																MN 14	4.2
								Hemphillian								MN 14	4.7
																MN 13	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian													Turolian	MN 13	5.333
		Tortonian														MN 12	7.246
																MN 11	7.75
															Vallesian	MN 10	8.7
								Clarendonian								MN 10	9.4
																MN 9	9.7
																MN 7 + 8	11.1
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5												Astaracian		11.63
								Barstovian									12.5
																MN 6	12.8 *
		Langhian														MN 5	13.82
		Burdigalian													Orleanian	MN 4	15.98
								Hemingfordian								MN 4	16.3
								Hemingfordian								MN 3	16.9
								Arikareean								MN 3	18.5
															Agenian	MN 2	20
		Aquitanian														MN 2	20.44
		Aquitanian														MN 1	22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4														23.03
		Rupelian															27.82
								Whitneyan									29.5
								Orellan									31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3					Chadronian									33.9
		Priabonian						Duchesnean									37
		Bartonian						Duchesnean									37.71
		Bartonian						Uintan									39.7
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2					Uintan									41.2
		Lutetian						Bridgerian									46.2
		Ypresian						Bridgerian									47.8
								Wasatchian									50.5
								Clarkforkian									54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1					Clarkforkian									56
		Thanetian						Tiffanian									56.2
		Selandian						Tiffanian									59.2
		Selandian						Torrejonian									60.9
		Danian						Torrejonian									61.6
		Danian						Puercan									63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8														66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7														72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6														83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4														100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3														113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2														121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2	125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1	132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6	145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5	149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4	165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4	168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3	174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2	184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1	192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4	201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4	208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
		Wordian		264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2	273.01
		Artinskian		283.5
		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5	298.9
		Gzhelian		Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian		Xiaodushanian	303.7
		Kasimovian		Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4		307
		Bashkirian			315.2
				Huashibanian	318.5 *
				Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean	Carboniferous 2	Shangsian	330.9
		Visean	Carboniferous 2	Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2		393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1		407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2		Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli				Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian			Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian			Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian			Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian			Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian			Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1		Jaani	433.4
		Telychian			Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian			Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian			Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian			Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian			Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5		Kosovian		443.8
		Katian			Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian			Berounian			449.7 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4					453
								Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
							Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3							458.4
					Dobrotivian					458.5 *
					Oretanian					459.7 *
							Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2				Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian			Arenigian					468
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Arenigian					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1		Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5							Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
												Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Sunwaptan	487.5
												Festiniogian		489.2 *
		Jiangshanian												489.5
													Steptoean	493 *
												Maentwrogian		493.1 *
		Paibian										Maentwrogian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4							Marjumian	Albertian †	St Davids		497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4							Marjumian				500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3							Topazan				504.5
		Wuliuan								Delamaran				506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4								Delamaran	Waucoban †	Caerfai		509
		Stage 4								Dyeran				511 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2							Dyeran				514
										Montezuman				514.8 *
										Begadean				519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1											529
																	538.8