PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Devonian of Eastern North America		Permian of the Salt Range	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand	Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe	European Faunal Zones
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6					Wanganui	Haweran							0
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												Tarantian		0.0117
		Chibanian												Ionian		0.129
		Chibanian							Castlecliffian					Ionian		0.34
		Calabrian							Castlecliffian							0.774
		Calabrian							Nukumaruan							1.63
		Gelasian							Nukumaruan						MN 17	1.8
		Gelasian							Mangapanian						MN 17	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Mangapanian						MN 16	2.58
									Waipipian						MN 16	3
															MN 15	3.2
		Zanclean														3.6
									Opoitian							3.7
															MN 14	4.2
															MN 13	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian						Taranaki	Kapitean							5.333
		Messinian							Tongaporutuan							7.2
		Tortonian													MN 12	7.246
															MN 11	7.75
															MN 10	8.7
															MN 9	9.7
								Southland	Waiauan						MN 9	11.04
															MN 7 + 8	11.1
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5												MN 7 + 8	11.63
															MN 6	12.8 *
									Lillburnian						MN 6	13.05
		Langhian							Lillburnian						MN 5	13.82
									Clifdenian							15.1
								Pareora	Altonian							15.9
		Burdigalian													MN 4	15.98
															MN 3	16.9
									Otaian						MN 3	18.7
															MN 2	20
		Aquitanian														20.44
								Landon	Waitakian							21.7
															MN 1	22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4													23.03
									Duntroonian							25.2
									Whaingaroan							27.3
		Rupelian														27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3													33.9
								Arnold	Runangan							34.6
									Kaiatan							36.7
		Bartonian							Kaiatan							37.71
		Bartonian							Bortonian							39.1
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2						Bortonian							41.2
								Dannevirke	Porangan							42.6
									Heretaungan							45.7
		Ypresian							Heretaungan							47.8
									Mangaorapan							48.9
									Waipawan							52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1						Teurian							56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8					Mata	Haumurian							66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7						Haumurian							72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6						Piripauan							83.6
		Santonian						Raukumara	Teratan							86.1
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
									Mangaotanean							90.5
									Arowhanan							93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5	93.9					Arowhanan
				Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
					Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4		Motuan	100.5
					Urutawan	103.3
				Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3		Korangan	113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3			117.5
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2			121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2			125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1			132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6			Oteke	Puaroan	145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5			Oteke	Puaroan	149.2
						Kawhia	Ohauan	150
							Heterian	154.5
		Oxfordian						154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
		Callovian					Temaikan	164.3
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4					165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4					168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian						174.7
		Toarcian				Herangi	Ururoan	176
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2				Ururoan	184.2
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2				Aratauran	188.9
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1					192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4			Balfour	Otapirian	201.4
		Norian					Warepan	208.5
							Otamitan	217
							Oretian	221
		Carnian	Triassic 3				Oretian	227
		Carnian	Triassic 3			Gore	Kaihikuan	227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2				Kaihikuan	237
		Ladinian					Etalian	238
		Anisian					Etalian	242
		Anisian					Malakovian	246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1				Malakovian	247.2
		Olenekian					Nelsonian	249
		Induan					Nelsonian	251.2
		Induan				Kathwai	DUrville	Makarewan	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4			Kathwai			251.902
									252.4 *
						Chhidru			252.9 *
								Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian						Waiitian	254.14
								Puruhauan	254.2
						Kalabagh			255 *
						Wargal			256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Aparima	Flettian	259.51
		Wordian							264.28
									265.3 *
								Barettian	266
						Amb			266.1 *
		Roadian	Permian 3			Amb			266.9
		Roadian	Permian 3						270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2						273.01
		Kungurian						Mangapirian	276
		Artinskian						Mangapirian	283.5
								Telfordian	285
									288.5
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5						298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5						303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4						307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3						323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2						330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5		Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4		West Fallsian/Sonyean				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3		Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan				Cazenovian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3		Southwoodian				Cazenovian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2		Sawkillian/Deer Parkian				Helderbergian	393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1		407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1						433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5						Kosovian	443.8
		Katian							Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian							Berounian		449.7 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4								453
											Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
										Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3										458.4
									Dobrotivian				458.5 *
									Oretanian				459.7 *
										Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2							Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian							Arenigian				468
	Early Ordovician	Floian							Arenigian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1						Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5										485.4
		Jiangshanian											489.5
		Paibian											494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4										497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4										500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3										504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3										509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2										514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2										521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1										529
																538.8