PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Cambrian of West Avalonia	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	North American Land Mammal Ages	South American Land Mammal Ages		Permian of Western Europe
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6							Saintaugustinean				0
		Meghalayan								Santarosean				0.0004
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									Lujanian			0.0117
		Late Pleistocene								Rancholabrean				0.014
		Chibanian								Rancholabrean				0.129
										Irvingtonian				0.21
											Ensenadan			0.3 *
		Calabrian												0.774
										Blancan				1.4
											Sanandresian	Uquian †		1.7 *
		Gelasian									Sanandresian			1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Vorohuean			2.58
		Piacenzian									Chapadmalalan			2.9 *
		Zanclean									Chapadmalalan			3.6
											Montehermosan			3.7 *
										Hemphillian	Montehermosan			4.7
											Huayquerian			4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian												5.333
		Tortonian												7.246
											Chasicoan			7.9 *
										Clarendonian	Chasicoan			9.4
											Mayoan			9.9 *
											Laventan			10.9 *
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5											11.63
										Barstovian				12.5
											Colloncuran			13.7 *
		Langhian									Colloncuran			13.82
		Langhian									Friasian			15.4 *
		Burdigalian									Friasian			15.98
											Santacrucian			16.2 *
										Hemingfordian	Santacrucian			16.3
										Hemingfordian	Colhuehuapian			17.4 *
										Arikareean				18.5
		Aquitanian												20.44
		Aquitanian									Deseadan			20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4											23.03
		Rupelian												27.82
											Tinguirirican			28.9 *
										Whitneyan				29.5
										Orellan				31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3							Chadronian				33.9
										Chadronian	Divisaderan			35.9 *
										Duchesnean				37
		Bartonian								Duchesnean				37.71
		Bartonian								Uintan				39.7
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2											41.2
											Mustersan			41.9 *
										Bridgerian				46.2
		Ypresian												47.8
											Casamayoran			47.9 *
										Wasatchian				50.5
										Clarkforkian				54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1							Clarkforkian	Riochican			56
										Tiffanian	Riochican			56.2
											Itaboraian			56.9 *
											Peligran			58.9 *
		Selandian												59.2
		Selandian								Torrejonian				60.9
		Danian												61.6
											Tiupampan			62.4 *
										Puercan	Tiupampan			63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8											66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7	72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6	83.6
		Coniacian		86.3
		Turonian		89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5	93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4	100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3	113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2	121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2	125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1	132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6	145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5	149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4	165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4	168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3	174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2	184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1	192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4	201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4	208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4	Melekhovian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Zechstein	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Rotliegendes	259.51
		Wordian				264.28
		Wordian		Noginskian		264.9 *
		Roadian	Permian 3			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2			273.01
		Kungurian		Pavlovoposadian		276.8 *
		Artinskian		Pavlovoposadian	Autunian	283.5
		Artinskian		Rusavkinian		287.6 *
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5			298.9
		Kasimovian		Dorogomilovian		303.7
				Khamovnikian		304.8
				Krevyakinian		305.8 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4	Myachkovian		307
				Podolskian		308.9 *
				Kashirian		311.4 *
				Vereian		313.8
				Melekessian		314.8
		Bashkirian		Melekessian		315.2
				Cheremshanian		316.9 *
				Prikamian		318.6 *
				Severokeltmian		319.9 *
				Krasnopolyanian		321.2 *
				Voznesenian		321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	Zapaltjubian		323.2
				Protvian		324.4 *
				Steshevian		326.8 *
				Tarusian		329 *
		Visean	Carboniferous 2	Venevian		330.9
				Mikhailovian		331.9 *
				Aleksinian		333.7 *
				Tulian		335.8 *
				Bobrikian		339.9 *
				Radaevkian		343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	Kosvian		346.7
				Kizelian		350.7 *
				Cherepetian		351.9 *
				Karakubian		354.4 *
				Upinian		356.3 *
				Malevkian		357.6 *
				Gumerovian		358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2			393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1			407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1			433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5			Kosovian	Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian				Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †		Wufeng †	Chientangkiangian	445.2
						Kralodvorian			Neichianshanian/Hanjiang		449.5
						Berounian					449.7 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4								453
											Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
							Liben †						458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3					Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo				458.4
						Dobrotivian							458.5 *
						Oretanian							459.7 *
							Sarka †						461.7 *
							Sarka †		Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo			466.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2				Klabava †	Dapingian					467.3
		Dapingian				Arenigian		Dapingian					468
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Arenigian		Yiyangian					470
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1			Tremadocian		Xinchangian					477.7
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1			Tremadocian		Xinchangian		Lianghekou †			477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5							485.4
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4							497
		Guzhangian								Arcadian			498.4
		Drumian											500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3										504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3							Branchian			509
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2							Branchian			514
		Stage 3								Placentian			517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1										529
														538.8