PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Ordovician of the Baltic				Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Cenozoic Subepochs	Permian of the Pamirs	Ammonite Chrons of North America	European Faunal Zones
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6					Wanganui	Haweran						0
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									Late Pleistocene				0.0117
		Chibanian									Middle Pleistocene				0.129
		Chibanian							Castlecliffian		Middle Pleistocene				0.34
		Calabrian							Castlecliffian		Early Pleistocene				0.774
		Calabrian							Nukumaruan						1.63
		Gelasian							Nukumaruan					MN 17	1.8
		Gelasian							Mangapanian					MN 17	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Mangapanian		Late Pliocene			MN 16	2.58
									Waipipian					MN 16	3
														MN 15	3.2
		Zanclean									Early Pliocene				3.6
									Opoitian						3.7
														MN 14	4.2
														MN 13	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian						Taranaki	Kapitean		Late Miocene				5.333
		Messinian							Tongaporutuan						7.2
		Tortonian												MN 12	7.246
														MN 11	7.75
														MN 10	8.7
														MN 9	9.7
								Southland	Waiauan					MN 9	11.04
														MN 7 + 8	11.1
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5								Middle Miocene			MN 7 + 8	11.63
														MN 6	12.8 *
									Lillburnian					MN 6	13.05
		Langhian							Lillburnian					MN 5	13.82
									Clifdenian						15.1
								Pareora	Altonian						15.9
		Burdigalian									Early Miocene			MN 4	15.98
														MN 3	16.9
									Otaian					MN 3	18.7
														MN 2	20
		Aquitanian													20.44
								Landon	Waitakian						21.7
														MN 1	22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4								Late Oligocene				23.03
									Duntroonian						25.2
									Whaingaroan						27.3
		Rupelian									Early Oligocene				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3								Late Eocene				33.9
								Arnold	Runangan						34.6
									Kaiatan						36.7
		Bartonian							Kaiatan		Middle Eocene				37.71
		Bartonian							Bortonian						39.1
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2						Bortonian						41.2
								Dannevirke	Porangan						42.6
									Heretaungan						45.7
		Ypresian							Heretaungan		Early Eocene				47.8
									Mangaorapan						48.9
									Waipawan						52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1						Teurian		Late Paleocene				56
		Selandian									Middle Paleocene				59.2
		Danian									Early Paleocene				61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8					Mata	Haumurian						66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7						Haumurian						72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6						Piripauan						83.6
		Santonian						Raukumara	Teratan						86.1
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
									Mangaotanean						90.5
									Arowhanan						93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5	93.9					Arowhanan
				Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
					Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4		Motuan	100.5
					Urutawan	103.3
				Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3		Korangan	113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3			117.5
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2			121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2			125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1			132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6			145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5			149.2
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4			165.3
		Bajocian				Epizigzagiceras	168.2
		Bajocian				Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense	168.4
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3			Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta	174.7
						Planulata	179.3 *
						Planulata	Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
						Kanense		181.3 *
						Carlottense		182.3 *
						Kunae		183.5 *
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2			Kunae		184.2
						Freboldi		185.1 *
						Whiteavesi/Imlayi		Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
								Tetraspidoceras	189.2 *
						Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras		Canadensis	190.3 *
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1						192.9
						Pseudaetomoceras	Psiloceras		196.4 *
						Franziceras/Euphyllites			196.5 *
		Hettangian				Franziceras/Euphyllites			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4						201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4						208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3						227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2						237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2						242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1						Vokhmian	247.2
		Induan								251.2
		Induan								Kathwai		251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4							Kathwai		Dorashamian	251.902
													252.4 *
										Chhidru			252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian							Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	Chhidru		Dzhulfian	254.14
										Kalabagh			255 *
										Wargal			256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian			Midian	259.51
		Wordian							Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian				264.28
													265.3 *
										Amb			266.1 *
												Murgabian	266.2 *
		Roadian	Permian 3						Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian				266.9
		Roadian	Permian 3						Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian				270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2								Kubergandian	273.01
		Kungurian									Bolorian	279.8
		Artinskian									Bolorian	283.5
		Artinskian									Yakhtashian	286
		Sakmarian									Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1								Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5									298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5									303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4									307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4									315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3									323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2									330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1									346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5									358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4									372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2		393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1		407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2	419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1	433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5	Harju	Porkuni							443.8
		Katian			Pirgu							445.2
					Vormsi							449.6 *
					Nabala							Johvi †	450 *
				Viru	Rakvere								450.6 *
					Oandu								452 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4		Keila							Idavere †	453
					Haljala								453.9
					Kukruse								456.4 *
					Uhaku							Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3		Uhaku								458.4
					Lasnamagi								458.9 *
					Aseri								460.4 *
				Oeland	Kunda			462.9 *
					Kunda			Valaste †/Hunderum				464.3 *
					Volkhov	Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2		Volkhov		467.3
		Dapingian			Billingen		469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					470
						Latorp †		470.1 *
					Hunneberg			473.7 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1		Hunneberg			477.7
					Varangu			481.3 *
					Pakerort			482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5		Pakerort			485.4
								486.3 *
								486.5
		Jiangshanian						489.5
		Paibian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4					497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4					500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3					504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3					509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2					514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2					521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1					529
															538.8