PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Ordovician of the Baltic				Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Permian of the Pamirs	Silurian Ages of Europe	Mesozoic Subages		Cambrian of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6															0
		Northgrippian																0.0042
		Greenlandian																0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																0.0117
		Chibanian																0.129
		Calabrian																0.774
		Gelasian																1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian															Tertiary †	2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																5.333
		Tortonian																7.246
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5															11.63
		Langhian																13.82
		Burdigalian																15.98
		Aquitanian																20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4															23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4															27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3															33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3															37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2															41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2															47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1															56
		Selandian																59.2
		Danian																61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8											Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian				66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7											Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian				72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6											Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian				83.6
		Coniacian												Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian				86.3
		Turonian												Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian				89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5											Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian				93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4											Late Albian				100.5
														Middle Albian				106.2 *
														Early Albian				109.9 *
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3											Late Aptian				113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3											Early Aptian				119.5 *
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2											Late Barremian/Early Barremian				121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2											Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian				125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1											Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian				132.6
		Berriasian												Late Berriasian				139.8
														Middle Berriasian				140.6 *
														Early Berriasian				142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6											Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian			145
		Tithonian	Jurassic 6											Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian			146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5											Late Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Kimmeridgian												Early Kimmeridgian				152.2 *
		Oxfordian												Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian			154.8
		Oxfordian													Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian			157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4											Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian												Late Bajocian				168.2
		Bajocian												Early Bajocian				168.6 *
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3											Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												Late Toarcian				174.7
														Middle Toarcian				180.4 *
														Early Toarcian				182.9 *
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2											Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian				184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1											Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1											Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4															201.4
		Norian												Sevatian				208.5
														Alaunian				213.2 *
														Lacian				216.7 *
		Carnian	Triassic 3											Tuvalian				227
		Carnian	Triassic 3											Julian				233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2	Longobardian	237
		Ladinian		Fassanian	239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian	242
				Pelsonian	243.8 *
				Bithynian	244.7 *
				Aegean	245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	Spathian	247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian	248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian	251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian	251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4	Dorashamian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Dzhulfian		Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Midian			259.51
		Wordian		Midian			264.28
		Wordian		Murgabian			266.2 *
		Roadian	Permian 3	Murgabian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2	Kubergandian			273.01
		Kungurian		Bolorian			279.8
		Artinskian		Bolorian			283.5
		Artinskian		Yakhtashian			286
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1	Asselian			293.52
		Asselian	Permian 1	Asselian			Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5	Mapingian †			Kuzel		298.9
							Stephanian		Stephanian C	300.3 *
									Stephanian B	300.9 *
									Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian							Stephanian A	303.7
									Cantabrian	305 *
										305.9
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4							307
							Westphalian		Westphalian D	307.4 *
									Westphalian C	309.8
									Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian							Westphalian B	315.2
									Westphalian A	317 *
							Namurian		Yeadonian	318.8 *
									Marsdenian	320.2 *
									Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
									Alportian	322 *
									Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3						Chokierian	323.2
									Arnsbergian	324 *
									Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean	Carboniferous 2				Warnantian		Brigantian †	330.9
							Livian		Asbian †	336.3 *
							Moliniacian		Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1				Ivorian			346.7
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1				Hastarian			353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5							Late Famennian	358.9
										Middle Famennian	365.3 *
										Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian	Devonian 4							Late Frasnian	372.2
										Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
										Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3							Late Givetian	382.7
										Middle Givetian	383.7 *
										Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian								Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian								Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2							Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian	Devonian 2							Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian	Devonian 1							Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian								Late Lochkovian	410.8
										Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
										Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian									423
	Ludlow	Gorstian									425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian									Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian									Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian										430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1									433.4
		Aeronian										438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5		Harju							Porkuni	443.8
		Katian				Pirgu						445.2
						Vormsi						449.6 *
						Nabala						Johvi †	450 *
					Viru	Rakvere							450.6 *
						Oandu							452 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4			Keila						Idavere †	453
						Haljala							453.9
						Kukruse							456.4 *
						Uhaku						Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3			Uhaku							458.4
						Lasnamagi							458.9 *
						Aseri		460.4 *
					Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
						Kunda		Valaste †/Hunderum				464.3 *
						Volkhov						Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2			Volkhov							467.3
		Dapingian				Billingen							469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		470
				Latorp †								470.1 *
						Hunneberg						473.7 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1			Hunneberg						Ungurian	477.7
						Varangu							481.3 *
						Pakerort							482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5			Pakerort						Batyrbaian	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
															486.3 *
															486.5
		Jiangshanian											Jiangshanian		489.5
												Aksaian			490.7 *
												Sakian			492.2 *
		Paibian											Paibian		494
		Paibian											Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4									Ayusokkanian	Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian											Guzhangian			499.5
		Drumian										Zhanaarykian	Drumian			500.5
		Drumian										Tuesaian	Drumian			503
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3						Wuliuan/Taijangian			Tuesaian		Stage 5 †		504.5
		Wuliuan							Wuliuan/Taijangian					Stage 5 †		505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4					Duyunian								509
												Toyonian			510 *
												Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2				Nangaoian					Botomian			514
		Stage 3					Nangaoian					Atdabanian			515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Tommotian					Meishucunian			521
		Stage 2													525.5
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1												529
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1									Jinnigian			530.7
																		538.8