PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Ordovician of the Baltic				Permian of the Pamirs	Cambrian Epochs	Central Paratethys Stages	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Silurian Ages of Europe	Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6								Wanganui	Haweran			0
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												Tarantian	0.0117
		Chibanian												Ionian	0.129
		Chibanian										Castlecliffian		Ionian	0.34
		Calabrian										Castlecliffian			0.774
		Calabrian										Nukumaruan			1.63
		Gelasian										Nukumaruan			1.8
		Gelasian										Mangapanian			2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Mangapanian			2.58
		Piacenzian										Waipipian			3
		Zanclean										Waipipian			3.6
		Zanclean										Opoitian			3.7
	Miocene	Messinian									Taranaki	Kapitean			5.333
		Messinian										Tongaporutuan			7.2
		Tortonian								Pannonian		Tongaporutuan			7.246
		Tortonian								Pannonian	Southland	Waiauan			11.04
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5							Sarmatian					11.63
										Badenian					12.8 *
										Badenian		Lillburnian			13.05
		Langhian										Lillburnian			13.82
												Clifdenian			15.1
											Pareora	Altonian			15.9
		Burdigalian										Altonian			15.98
		Burdigalian										Otaian			18.7
		Aquitanian										Otaian			20.44
		Aquitanian									Landon	Waitakian			21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4									Waitakian			23.03
												Duntroonian			25.2
												Whaingaroan			27.3
		Rupelian													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3												33.9
											Arnold	Runangan			34.6
												Kaiatan			36.7
		Bartonian										Kaiatan			37.71
		Bartonian										Bortonian			39.1
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2									Bortonian			41.2
											Dannevirke	Porangan			42.6
												Heretaungan			45.7
		Ypresian										Heretaungan			47.8
												Mangaorapan			48.9
												Waipawan			52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1									Teurian			56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8								Mata	Haumurian			66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7									Haumurian			72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6									Piripauan			83.6
		Santonian									Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
												Mangaotanean			90.5
												Arowhanan			93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5									Arowhanan			93.9
											Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
												Motuan			99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4									Motuan			100.5
												Urutawan			103.3
											Taitai	Korangan			108.4
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3									Korangan			113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3												117.5
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2												121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2												125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1	132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6		145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5		149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4		165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4		168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3		174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2		184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1		192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4		201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4		208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4		Dorashamian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Dzhulfian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Midian	Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian			Midian	Wordian	264.28
		Wordian			Murgabian	Wordian	266.2 *
		Roadian	Permian 3		Murgabian	Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2		Kubergandian	Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
					Bolorian		Cathedralian	279.8
							Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian						283.5
					Yakhtashian			286
					Yakhtashian	Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian		Lenoxian	290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1		Asselian		Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5					298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5					303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4					307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3					323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2					330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2					393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1					407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian						Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1						433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5						Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian								Pirgu	445.2
										Vormsi	449.6 *
										Nabala	Johvi †		450 *
									Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
										Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4							Keila	Idavere †	453
										Haljala		453.9
										Kukruse		456.4 *
				Uhaku						Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3	Uhaku							458.4
				Lasnamagi							458.9 *
				Aseri							460.4 *
				Oeland					Kunda		462.9 *
									Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
									Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2						Volkhov			467.3
		Dapingian							Billingen			469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian										470
										Latorp †		470.1 *
									Hunneberg			473.7 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1						Hunneberg			477.7
									Varangu			481.3 *
									Pakerort			482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5						Pakerort			Late Cambrian	485.4
													486.3 *
													486.5
		Jiangshanian											489.5
		Paibian											494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4									Middle Cambrian	497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4										500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3										504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3									Early Cambrian	509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2										514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2										521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1										529
															538.8