PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Ordovician of Britain				Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Mesozoic Subages		Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Devonian Subages	Cambrian Epochs
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6											0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
		Chibanian												0.129
		Calabrian												0.774
		Gelasian												1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
	Miocene	Messinian												5.333
		Tortonian												7.246
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5											11.63
		Langhian												13.82
		Burdigalian												15.98
		Aquitanian												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4											23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3											33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3											37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2											41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2											47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1											56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8						Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian					66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7						Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian					72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6						Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian					83.6
		Coniacian							Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian					86.3
		Turonian							Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian					89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5						Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian					93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4						Late Albian					100.5
									Middle Albian					106.2 *
									Early Albian					109.9 *
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3						Late Aptian					113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3						Early Aptian					119.5 *
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2						Late Barremian/Early Barremian					121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2						Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian					125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1						Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian					132.6
		Berriasian							Late Berriasian					139.8
									Middle Berriasian					140.6 *
									Early Berriasian					142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6						Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian				145
		Tithonian	Jurassic 6						Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian				146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5						Late Kimmeridgian					149.2
		Kimmeridgian							Early Kimmeridgian					152.2 *
		Oxfordian							Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian				154.8
		Oxfordian								Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian				157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian							Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4						Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian					165.3
		Bajocian							Late Bajocian					168.2
		Bajocian							Early Bajocian					168.6 *
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3						Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian							Late Toarcian					174.7
									Middle Toarcian					180.4 *
									Early Toarcian					182.9 *
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2						Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian					184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1						Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian					192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1						Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4											201.4
		Norian							Sevatian					208.5
									Alaunian					213.2 *
									Lacian					216.7 *
		Carnian	Triassic 3						Tuvalian					227
		Carnian	Triassic 3						Julian					233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2	Longobardian	237
		Ladinian		Fassanian	239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian	242
				Pelsonian	243.8 *
				Bithynian	244.7 *
				Aegean	245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	Spathian	247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian	248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian	251.2
				Griesbachian	251.4 *
				Griesbachian	Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4		Kathwai	251.902
						252.4 *
					Chhidru	252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian			Chhidru	254.14
					Kalabagh	255 *
					Wargal	256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
		Wordian				264.28
						265.3 *
					Amb	266.1 *
		Roadian	Permian 3		Amb	266.9
		Roadian	Permian 3			270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2			273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5			Mapingian †	298.9
		Kasimovian				Mapingian †	303.7
		Kasimovian					305.9
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4				307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3				323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2				330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5				Late Famennian	358.9
							Middle Famennian	365.3 *
							Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian	Devonian 4				Late Frasnian	372.2
							Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
							Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3				Srbsko	Late Givetian	382.7
								Middle Givetian	383.7 *
								Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian					Chotec	Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian					Chotec	Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2				Daleje/Zlichovian	Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian	Devonian 2				Daleje/Zlichovian	Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian	Devonian 1				Pragian	Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian					Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian	410.8
								Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
								Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1						433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5						Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian								Rawtheyan	445.2
										Cautleyan	448.9 *
										Pusgillian	449.3 *
									Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
										Cheneyan		451.5 *
										Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4									453
											Actonian †	453.2 *
											Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
											Longvillian †		455.2 *
										Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
										Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3						Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
		Darriwilian	Ordovician 3							Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2	467.3						Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn
		Dapingian		Arenig					Fennian	468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian							Fennian	470
									Whitlandian	471.1 *
									Moridunian	474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Tremadoc					Migneintian	477.7
				Tremadoc					Cressagian	480.8 *
										485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5							Late Cambrian			485.4
		Jiangshanian											489.5
		Paibian											494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4		Middle Cambrian					497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4							500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3							504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3		Early Cambrian					509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2							514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2							521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1							529
														538.8