PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Ordovician of Britain				Carboniferous of Western Europe		Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ordovician of China		Silurian of the Baltic	Central Paratethys Stages	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6														Wanganui	Haweran		0
		Northgrippian																		0.0042
		Greenlandian																		0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																	Tarantian	0.0117
		Chibanian																	Ionian	0.129
		Chibanian																Castlecliffian	Ionian	0.34
		Calabrian																Castlecliffian		0.774
		Calabrian																Nukumaruan		1.63
		Gelasian																Nukumaruan		1.8
		Gelasian																Mangapanian		2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Tertiary †								Mangapanian		2.58
		Piacenzian																Waipipian		3
		Zanclean																Waipipian		3.6
		Zanclean																Opoitian		3.7
	Miocene	Messinian															Taranaki	Kapitean		5.333
		Messinian																Tongaporutuan		7.2
		Tortonian														Pannonian		Tongaporutuan		7.246
		Tortonian														Pannonian	Southland	Waiauan		11.04
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5													Sarmatian				11.63
																Badenian				12.8 *
																Badenian		Lillburnian		13.05
		Langhian																Lillburnian		13.82
																		Clifdenian		15.1
																	Pareora	Altonian		15.9
		Burdigalian																Altonian		15.98
		Burdigalian																Otaian		18.7
		Aquitanian																Otaian		20.44
		Aquitanian															Landon	Waitakian		21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4															Waitakian		23.03
																		Duntroonian		25.2
																		Whaingaroan		27.3
		Rupelian																		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3																	33.9
																	Arnold	Runangan		34.6
																		Kaiatan		36.7
		Bartonian																Kaiatan		37.71
		Bartonian																Bortonian		39.1
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2															Bortonian		41.2
																	Dannevirke	Porangan		42.6
																		Heretaungan		45.7
		Ypresian																Heretaungan		47.8
																		Mangaorapan		48.9
																		Waipawan		52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1															Teurian		56
		Selandian																		59.2
		Danian																		61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8														Mata	Haumurian		66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7															Haumurian		72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6															Piripauan		83.6
		Santonian															Raukumara	Teratan		86.1
		Coniacian																		86.3
		Turonian																		89.8
																		Mangaotanean		90.5
																		Arowhanan		93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5															Arowhanan		93.9
																	Clarence	Ngaterian		95.2
																		Motuan		99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4															Motuan		100.5
																		Urutawan		103.3
																	Taitai	Korangan		108.4
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3															Korangan		113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3																	117.5
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2																	121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2																	125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1	132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6		145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5		149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4		165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4		168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3		174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2		184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1		192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4		201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4		208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian				Wordian	264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3			Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2			Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
		Kungurian					Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian					Hessian	283.5
		Artinskian				Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
		Sakmarian					Lenoxian	290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1				Nealian	293.52
		Asselian	Permian 1				Nealian	Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5					Kuzel	298.9
								Stephanian	Stephanian C		300.3 *
									Stephanian B		300.9 *
									Stephanian A		301.4 *
		Kasimovian							Stephanian A		303.7
		Kasimovian							Cantabrian		305 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4						Cantabrian		307
								Westphalian	Westphalian D		307.4 *
									Westphalian C		309.8
									Westphalian B		314.6
		Bashkirian							Westphalian B		315.2
									Westphalian A		317 *
								Namurian	Yeadonian		318.8 *
									Marsdenian		320.2 *
									Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
									Alportian	322 *
									Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3						Chokierian	323.2
									Arnsbergian	324 *
									Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean	Carboniferous 2					Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
								Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
								Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1					Ivorian		346.7
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1					Hastarian		353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3							382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3							387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2							393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1							407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1							410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2							Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli									Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		Kuressaare						423
		Ludfordian		Paadla						423.4 *
		Gorstian		Paadla						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		Rootsikula						Gleedonian	427.4
				Jaagarahu						Gleedonian	429.2 *
										Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian									430.5
		Sheinwoodian		Jaani							431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1	Jaani							433.4
		Telychian		Adavere							434 *
		Aeronian		Adavere							438.5
		Aeronian		Raikkula							439.4 *
		Rhuddanian		Raikkula							440.8
		Rhuddanian		Juuru							441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5	Ashgill							Hirnantian	Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian									Rawtheyan	Chientangkiangian			445.2
											Cautleyan				448.9 *
											Pusgillian				449.3 *
											Pusgillian	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
				Caradoc							Streffordian				Onnian †	449.6 *
					Cheneyan						451.5 *
					Burrellian						452.7 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4								453
											Actonian †				453.2 *
											Marshbrookian †				Woolstonian †	454.2 *
											Longvillian †					455.2 *
					Aurelucian						Longvillian †					456.8 *
					Aurelucian						Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian					457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3	Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn							Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo			458.4
					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn								Guniu †/Hulo			461.3 *
						Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo						466.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2									Dapingian	467.3
		Dapingian		Arenig	Fennian							Dapingian	468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Fennian							Yiyangian	470
					Whitlandian								471.1 *
					Moridunian								474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Tremadoc	Migneintian							Xinchangian	477.7
					Migneintian		Lianghekou †						477.9 *
					Cressagian								480.8 *
													485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5										485.4
		Jiangshanian											489.5
		Paibian											494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4										Series 3 †	497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4											500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3											Stage 5 †		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3													509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2													514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2													521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1													529
																				538.8