PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Ordovician of Britain				Mesozoic Subages		Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Silurian of England		Ordovician of China			Devonian of France	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				European Faunal Zones
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6																			0
		Northgrippian																				0.0042
		Greenlandian																				0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																				0.0117
		Chibanian																				0.129
		Calabrian																				0.774
		Gelasian																			MN 17	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																			MN 16	2.58
		Piacenzian																			MN 15	3.2
		Zanclean																			MN 15	3.6
																					MN 14	4.2
																					MN 13	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian																			MN 13	5.333
		Tortonian																			MN 12	7.246
																					MN 11	7.75
																					MN 10	8.7
																					MN 9	9.7
																					MN 7 + 8	11.1
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5																		MN 7 + 8	11.63
		Serravallian																			MN 6	12.8 *
		Langhian																			MN 5	13.82
		Burdigalian																			MN 4	15.98
																					MN 3	16.9
																					MN 2	20
		Aquitanian																			MN 2	20.44
		Aquitanian																			MN 1	22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4																			23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4																			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3																			33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3																			37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2																			41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2																			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1																			56
		Selandian																				59.2
		Danian																				61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8					Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian														66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7					Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian														72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6					Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian						Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian						Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5					Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4					Late Albian														100.5
								Middle Albian														106.2 *
								Early Albian														109.9 *
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3					Late Aptian														113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3					Early Aptian														119.5 *
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2					Late Barremian/Early Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2					Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1					Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian						Late Berriasian														139.8
								Middle Berriasian														140.6 *
								Early Berriasian														142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6					Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian													145
		Tithonian	Jurassic 6					Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian													146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5					Late Kimmeridgian														149.2
		Kimmeridgian						Early Kimmeridgian														152.2 *
		Oxfordian						Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian													154.8
		Oxfordian							Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian													157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian						Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4					Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian						Late Bajocian														168.2
		Bajocian						Early Bajocian														168.6 *
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3					Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian						Late Toarcian														174.7
				Middle Toarcian	180.4 *
				Early Toarcian	182.9 *
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian	184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1	Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian	192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1	Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4		201.4
		Norian		Sevatian	208.5
				Alaunian	213.2 *
				Lacian	216.7 *
		Carnian	Triassic 3	Tuvalian	227
		Carnian	Triassic 3	Julian	233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2	Longobardian	237
		Ladinian		Fassanian	239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian	242
				Pelsonian	243.8 *
				Bithynian	244.7 *
				Aegean	245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	Spathian	Vokhmian	247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian		248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian		251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian		251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian			Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3		Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2			273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5			298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5			303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4			307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3			323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2			330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5			Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4			Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3			Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3			Couvinien	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2				393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1				407.6
		Pragian				Coblencien	408.2 *
		Lochkovian				Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2			Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine			419.2
	Pridoli					Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton			421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood			423
		Gorstian								425.6
		Gorstian					Buildwas			426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian					Buildwas			427.4
		Homerian				Wych	Woolhope			428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1							433.4
		Telychian								436.3 *
		Aeronian								438.5
		Aeronian				Cowleigh Park				439.3 *
		Rhuddanian				Cowleigh Park				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5			Ashgill			Hirnantian		Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian							Rawtheyan		Chientangkiangian			Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
									Cautleyan							448.9 *
									Pusgillian							449.3 *
									Pusgillian		Neichianshanian/Hanjiang					449.5
						Caradoc			Streffordian							Onnian †	449.6 *
									Streffordian					Berounian			449.7 *
									Cheneyan								451.5 *
									Burrellian								452.7 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4														453
																Actonian †	453.2 *
																Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
																Longvillian †		455.2 *
																		Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
									Aurelucian											456.8 *
																Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
															Liben †	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3			Llanvirn			Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			Darriwilian				Guniu †/Hulo				458.4
														Dobrotivian						458.5 *
														Oretanian						459.7 *
									Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn											461.3 *
															Sarka †					461.7 *
													Hunjiang †		Sarka †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo				466.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2									Dapingian			Klabava †					467.3
														Arenigian						468
						Arenig			Fennian											468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian							Fennian			Yiyangian								470
				Whitlandian					471.1 *
				Moridunian					474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Tremadoc		Migneintian			Xinchangian			Tremadocian			Ungurian					477.7
						Migneintian										Lianghekou †				477.9 *
						Cressagian														480.8 *
						485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5												Batyrbaian	485.4
		Jiangshanian													Batyrbaian	489.5
															Aksaian	490.7 *
															Sakian	492.2 *
		Paibian													Sakian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4												Ayusokkanian	497
		Guzhangian														499.5
		Drumian													Zhanaarykian	500.5
		Drumian													Tuesaian	503
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3												Tuesaian	504.5
		Wuliuan														505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4														509
															Toyonian	510 *
															Botomian	512.5 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2												Botomian	514
		Stage 3													Atdabanian	515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2													Tommotian	521
		Stage 2														525.5
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1					529
																						538.8